MED-SURG 2 JERSEY COLLEGE
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis?.
Answer: - hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H
ions are shifted into the ell to raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and
enters the bloodstream)
◍ Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function?.
Answer: - potassium
◍ angina could be triggered by ?.
Answer: eating a heavy mealExp: blood shunted to the GI area which
decreases blood availability to the myocardium
◍ Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation?.
Answer: - calcium
◍ Ch 13: What affects threshold potential?.
Answer: - calcium
◍ locations of chest pain?.
Answer: typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
◍ what is the classic finding of angina?.
Answer: it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
◍ Pt. education for nitroglycerin?.
Answer: 1. keep in a dark bottle2.renew every 6 months3.place under
, tongue, never swallowed4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses5. call 911
after the first dose if pain is not relieved
◍ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come?.
Answer: - hypercalcemia
◍ decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?.
Answer: weak, thready pulse
◍ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany?.
Answer: - hypocalcemia
◍ Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects
neuromuscular function and produces vasodilation?.
Answer: - magnesium
◍ signs of hypokalemia?.
Answer: muscle weaknessfatiguemuscle crampsconstipationinverted T
waves and a U wave on ekg
◍ metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?.
Answer: heart disease
◍ spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?.
Answer: potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with
potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
◍ how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol.
Answer: decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of
hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
◍ why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications
abruptly?.
Answer: increase risk for rebound hypertension
◍ ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the
risk of?.
Answer: hyperkalemia
,◍ Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less
irritable which could result in an ileus?.
Answer: - hypokalemia
◍ ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril.
Answer: stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful
vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance and
blood pressure
◍ Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG
changes (such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval
and QRS duration)?.
Answer: - hyperkalemia
◍ How to take a proper blood pressure reading?.
Answer: instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 minssupport arm at heart
levelmake sure both feet are flat on the floor
◍ the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?.
Answer: retinopathyneuropathynephropathy
◍ decrease in output could cause what?.
Answer: decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
◍ Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves
and ST depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus,
tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and
ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves?.
Answer: - hypokalemia
◍ Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the
balloon. Why?.
Answer: to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
◍ Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with?.
Answer: - thirst- dry muscous membranes- lethargy- restlessness-
tachycardia- HTN
, ◍ Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia?.
Answer: - tetany (a classic sign)- muscle twitching- bronchospasms-
laryngeal spasms- seizures- hyperirritability
◍ Straining with bowel movements is not good because?.
Answer: it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic
pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart and results in
decrease cardiac output.
◍ change patients position slowly to prebent?.
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
◍ Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?.
Answer: could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
◍ Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)?.
Answer: - tetany
◍ increase central venous pressure could suggest?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?.
Answer: - constant headaches- seizures- lethargy- tachycardia- decreased
BP- thready pulse- hyperactive bowel sounds- abdominal cramps
◍ Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane?.
Answer: - hyponatremia
◍ Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular
compartment?.
Answer: - hyponatremia
◍ Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal
(diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary
systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)?.
Answer: - sodium
◍ Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia?.
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Ch 13: What are exchanged for potassium ions during alkalosis or acidosis?.
Answer: - hydrogen ions (ie: metabolic acidosis results in hyperkalemia as H
ions are shifted into the ell to raise the pH and potassium leaves the cell and
enters the bloodstream)
◍ Ch 13: What is necessary for neuromuscular and cardiovascular function?.
Answer: - potassium
◍ angina could be triggered by ?.
Answer: eating a heavy mealExp: blood shunted to the GI area which
decreases blood availability to the myocardium
◍ Ch 13: What helps to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation?.
Answer: - calcium
◍ Ch 13: What affects threshold potential?.
Answer: - calcium
◍ locations of chest pain?.
Answer: typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw,
shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the left arm.
◍ what is the classic finding of angina?.
Answer: it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
◍ Pt. education for nitroglycerin?.
Answer: 1. keep in a dark bottle2.renew every 6 months3.place under
, tongue, never swallowed4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses5. call 911
after the first dose if pain is not relieved
◍ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle weakness and come?.
Answer: - hypercalcemia
◍ decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?.
Answer: weak, thready pulse
◍ Ch 13: What contributes to muscle irritability and tetany?.
Answer: - hypocalcemia
◍ Ch 13: What helps with carb and protein metabolism, and affects
neuromuscular function and produces vasodilation?.
Answer: - magnesium
◍ signs of hypokalemia?.
Answer: muscle weaknessfatiguemuscle crampsconstipationinverted T
waves and a U wave on ekg
◍ metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?.
Answer: heart disease
◍ spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?.
Answer: potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with
potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
◍ how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol.
Answer: decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of
hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of bronchoconstriction
◍ why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications
abruptly?.
Answer: increase risk for rebound hypertension
◍ ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the
risk of?.
Answer: hyperkalemia
,◍ Ch 13: What lowers the resting membrane potential and makes cells less
irritable which could result in an ileus?.
Answer: - hypokalemia
◍ ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril.
Answer: stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful
vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total peripheral vascular resistance and
blood pressure
◍ Ch 13: What may cause diarrhea, irritability, muscle weakness, and EKG
changes (such as tall tented T waves, absent P waves, prolonged PR interval
and QRS duration)?.
Answer: - hyperkalemia
◍ How to take a proper blood pressure reading?.
Answer: instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 minssupport arm at heart
levelmake sure both feet are flat on the floor
◍ the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?.
Answer: retinopathyneuropathynephropathy
◍ decrease in output could cause what?.
Answer: decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
◍ Ch 13: What may cause muscle weakness, EKG changes (inverted T waves
and ST depression), a weak irregular pulse, paralytic ileus,
tachydysrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and
ventricular tachycardia (VT)), constipation, and U waves?.
Answer: - hypokalemia
◍ Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the
balloon. Why?.
Answer: to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
◍ Ch 13: What do pts with hypernatremia present with?.
Answer: - thirst- dry muscous membranes- lethargy- restlessness-
tachycardia- HTN
, ◍ Ch 13: What are S/S of hypocalcemia?.
Answer: - tetany (a classic sign)- muscle twitching- bronchospasms-
laryngeal spasms- seizures- hyperirritability
◍ Straining with bowel movements is not good because?.
Answer: it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic
pressure decreasing the venous blood flow to the heart and results in
decrease cardiac output.
◍ change patients position slowly to prebent?.
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
◍ Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?.
Answer: could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
◍ Ch 13: What is a classic sign of low mag (hypomagnesemia)?.
Answer: - tetany
◍ increase central venous pressure could suggest?.
Answer: heart failure
◍ Ch 13: What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?.
Answer: - constant headaches- seizures- lethargy- tachycardia- decreased
BP- thready pulse- hyperactive bowel sounds- abdominal cramps
◍ Ch 13: What slows the depolarization of the cell membrane?.
Answer: - hyponatremia
◍ Ch 13: What shifts fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular
compartment?.
Answer: - hyponatremia
◍ Ch 13: What is lossed from the GI (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning), renal
(diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease), and integumentary
systems (ascites, burns, peripheral edema)?.
Answer: - sodium
◍ Ch 13: What happens in hyponatremia?.
