NSG 500
EXAM 3
Advanced Health Assessment
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Wilkes University
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢150 Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢Expert Rationales included
➢Exam 3 Comprehensive Study Guide
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
NSG 500 - EXAM 3 - Advanced Health Assessment
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
EXAM PREVIEW STUDY GUIDE FULL PDF LINKED
,Table of Contents
NSG 500 Exam 3 ............................................................................. 2
NSG 500 Exam 3 ........................................................................... 35
NSG 500 Exam 3 Study Guide .................................................... 67
NSG 500 Exam 3
1. A 68-year-old male presents for his annual physical examination. The nurse
practitioner is preparing to perform a digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate
assessment. Which positioning is most appropriate for this examination?
A. Lithotomy position with hips abducted
B. Supine with knees extended
C. Side-lying with hips and knees flexed
D. Prone with a pillow under the abdomen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The side-lying position with hips and knees flexed (Sims' position) is the
preferred positioning for rectal and prostate examination. This position allows for optimal
visualization and palpation of the rectum and prostate gland while maintaining patient
comfort and dignity. The lithotomy position (A) is used for pelvic examinations in females.
Supine (B) and prone (D) positions do not provide adequate access for DRE.
2. During a digital rectal examination of a 55-year-old male, the nurse practitioner
palpates the posterior prostate. Which finding would be considered NORMAL?
A. Hard, irregular, and nodular
B. Smooth, rubbery, and round
C. Tender, boggy, and enlarged
D. Fixed and asymmetrical
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Normal prostate examination findings include a smooth, rubbery, and round
consistency. As males age, the prostate typically becomes more rubbery due to benign
prostatic hyperplasia. A hard, irregular, nodular prostate (A) is suggestive of prostate
malignancy. A tender, boggy prostate (C) indicates prostatitis. A fixed, asymmetrical
prostate (D) is abnormal and warrants further investigation.
3. A 72-year-old female reports that during bowel movements, she notices a red,
fleshy mass protruding from her rectum that slides back inside when she stands up.
Which condition does this describe?
A. Internal hemorrhoids
B. External hemorrhoids
C. Rectal prolapse
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rectal prolapse is characterized by the sliding of rectal tissue through the anus,
often appearing as a red mass during defecation that may reduce spontaneously when
standing. Internal hemorrhoids (A) are smooth, round masses palpated digitally and
typically do not protrude unless severely prolapsed. External hemorrhoids (B) appear as
purple/dark lesions around the anal verge. Anal fissures (D) present as linear tears with
sharp pain during defecation.
4. During a digital rectal examination, the nurse practitioner palpates smooth, round
masses within the anal canal. These findings are most consistent with:
A. External thrombosed hemorrhoids
B. Internal hemorrhoids
C. Rectal polyps
D. Anal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Internal hemorrhoids are palpated as smooth, round masses during digital
rectal examination. They originate above the dentate line and are covered by mucosa.
External thrombosed hemorrhoids (A) appear as purple/dark, painful nodules at the anal
verge. Rectal polyps (C) may be palpable but are less common and require colonoscopic
evaluation. Anal carcinoma (D) presents as irregular, ulcerated, or firm masses.
,5. A patient presents with dark purple, painful nodules at the anal verge. The nurse
practitioner recognizes these as external hemorrhoids. Which finding would be most
concerning and indicate the need for surgical intervention?
A. Mild itching with no discoloration
B. Bleeding during defecation
C. Purple/dark color indicating thrombus with compromised blood supply
D. Soft, reducible mass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External hemorrhoids that appear purple or dark indicate thrombosis with
compromised blood supply, which can lead to tissue necrosis. This is a surgical emergency
requiring intervention. Mild itching (A) and bleeding (B) are common symptoms of
hemorrhoids but do not indicate necrosis. A soft, reducible mass (D) is consistent with
uncomplicated hemorrhoids.
6. Select All That Apply: A 45-year-old patient presents with complaints of rectal
discomfort. Which symptoms are commonly associated with hemorrhoids? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Bleeding
B. Pain
C. Itching
D. Fever
E. Weight loss
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: The common signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids include bleeding (typically
bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool), pain (especially with thrombosed external
hemorrhoids), and itching (due to mucus secretion and perianal moisture). Fever (D) and
weight loss (E) are not associated with uncomplicated hemorrhoids and would suggest
infection, malignancy, or inflammatory bowel disease requiring further evaluation.
7. A 50-year-old patient reports bright red blood in the stool. The nurse practitioner
notes no evidence of hemorrhoids on examination and learns the patient has a family
history of colon cancer. What is the most appropriate clinical action?
A. Reassure the patient and recommend increased fiber intake
B. Order a colonoscopy for further evaluation
,C. Prescribe hemorrhoid cream and schedule follow-up in 6 months
D. Recommend a fecal occult blood test only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal bleeding in the absence of hemorrhoids, particularly with a family history
of colon cancer, warrants immediate further evaluation with colonoscopy. This is a red flag
symptom that requires ruling out malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, or polyps.
Reassurance (A) or topical treatment (C) would be inappropriate without identifying the
source of bleeding. While fecal occult blood testing (D) has screening value, direct
visualization via colonoscopy is indicated given the clinical presentation.
8. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are potential causes of rectal
bleeding? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hemorrhoids
B. NSAID use
C. Inflammatory bowel disease
D. Crohn's disease
E. Ulcerative colitis
F. Anal fissures
G. Anticoagulant therapy
H. Upper and lower GI bleeding
I. Constipation with straining
J. Excessive alcohol consumption
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
Rationale: Rectal bleeding has multiple etiologies. Hemorrhoids (A) and anal fissures (F)
are common anorectal causes. NSAIDs (B) and anticoagulants (G) can cause or exacerbate
bleeding by impairing clotting or causing mucosal injury. Inflammatory bowel diseases
including Crohn's disease (D) and ulcerative colitis (E) cause mucosal inflammation and
bleeding. Both upper and lower GI bleeding (H) can present as rectal bleeding. Constipation
with straining (I) can precipitate hemorrhoidal bleeding or fissures. Excessive alcohol
consumption (J) is associated with GI bleeding through multiple mechanisms including
gastritis, liver disease, and coagulopathy.
9. A nurse practitioner is conducting a musculoskeletal examination on a 35-year-old
athlete. What is the correct sequence for this assessment?
, NSG 500 Exam 3
1. A 62-year-old male presents for his annual physical examination. During the
digital rectal exam (DRE), the nurse practitioner palpates the prostate. Which finding
is consistent with normal prostate anatomy?
A. Hard, fixed mass with irregular borders
B. 2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide, heart-shaped, smooth, rubbery, and slightly movable
C. Tender, boggy gland with purulent discharge
D. Asymmetric enlargement with palpable nodules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A normal prostate is approximately 2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide, heart-shaped,
smooth, rubbery, firm, slightly movable, nontender, and without nodules. Hard, fixed
masses with irregular borders (A) suggest malignancy. A tender, boggy gland (C) is
consistent with prostatitis. Asymmetric enlargement with nodules (D) warrants further
evaluation for prostate cancer.
2. A 58-year-old woman reports bright red blood on the toilet paper after bowel
movements and describes a painful, smooth, round mass at the anal verge. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Internal hemorrhoid
B. Rectal prolapse
C. External hemorrhoid
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External hemorrhoids present as smooth, round, painful masses at the anal
verge, often with itching and blood on toilet paper. Internal hemorrhoids (A) are typically
painless. Rectal prolapse (B) appears as a moist red doughnut with radiating lines
protruding through the anus. Anal fissures (D) cause severe pain with defecation but
present as linear tears, not round masses.
,3. [SATA] A 65-year-old male with a 15-pound unintentional weight loss over 3
months reports a change in bowel habits and persistent abdominal fullness even
after defecation. He has a family history of colorectal cancer. Which findings are red
flags for colorectal cancer? (Select all that apply.)
A. Age over 50
B. Unexplained anemia
C. Abdominal pain
D. Change in bowel habits
E. Weight loss
F. Feeling of fullness after bowel movements
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E, F
Rationale: All listed options are red flags for colorectal cancer. Age over 50, unexplained
anemia, abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, weight loss, post-defecation fullness, and
family history warrant immediate diagnostic workup, including colonoscopy. These
symptoms in combination significantly increase the pretest probability of malignancy.
4. During a rectal examination of a patient with chronic constipation and straining,
the nurse practitioner observes the complete rectal mucous membrane protruding
through the anus, appearing as a moist red doughnut with radiating lines. This
finding is consistent with:
A. Thrombosed external hemorrhoid
B. Rectal prolapse
C. Rectal polyp
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal prolapse is characterized by the complete protrusion of the rectal
mucous membrane through the anus, classically described as a moist red doughnut with
radiating lines, often exacerbated by straining. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids (A)
appear as dark purple, necrotic, painful masses. Rectal polyps (C) are not typically visible
externally. Anal fissures (D) are linear mucosal tears.
5. [SATA] Which of the following are recognized causes of rectal bleeding? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Colorectal cancer
B. Hemorrhoids
,C. Inflammatory bowel disease
D. Diverticulosis
E. Chronic aspirin or NSAID use
F. Peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Causes of rectal bleeding include fissures, colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids,
inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), diverticulosis, ulcers,
and chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs. While peptic ulcer disease (F) causes gastrointestinal
bleeding, it typically presents as melena or hematemesis rather than bright red rectal
bleeding.
6. A 45-year-old construction worker presents with heel pain that is "excruciating"
with his first steps in the morning. The pain improves somewhat with ambulation
but worsens again after prolonged standing. Which special test or clinical finding
best supports the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis?
A. Positive Tinel's sign at the medial ankle
B. Pain with dorsiflexion of the great toe
C. Heel pain worse in the morning due to fascia contracting overnight
D. Pain radiating down the lateral aspect of the foot
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plantar fasciitis is classically characterized by heel pain that is worst with the
first steps in the morning because the plantar fascia contracts during sleep. Pain improves
with gentle stretching but worsens with prolonged weight-bearing. Tinel's sign at the
medial ankle (A) suggests tarsal tunnel syndrome. Pain with great toe dorsiflexion (B) is the
windlass test, which can support the diagnosis but is not the hallmark clinical description.
7. [SATA] A 68-year-old obese woman with a history of knee trauma reports
progressive knee pain and stiffness. Which findings are consistent with
osteoarthritis (OA)? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pain that worsens with rest and improves with movement
B. Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes
C. Non-tender nodules in the appendages (Heberden's/Bouchard's nodes)
D. Visible osteophytes on radiographic imaging
E. Pain worse in the morning that improves with activity
, safety and care planning. Total knee replacement (E) is premature without failure of
conservative management and is not indicated solely by bilateral involvement.
NSG 500 Exam 3 Study Guide
1. Rectal exam positioning
side lying, lateral
2. normal prostate exam findings
2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide
Heart-shaped
smooth and rubbery and firm
Slightly movable
No nodules
Nontender to palpate
3. rectal prolapse
the complete rectal mucous membrane protrudes through the anus, appearing as a moist
red doughnut with radiating lines
-seen with straining
4. external hemorrhoid
smooth round mass
painful during bowel movements
itching
blood on the toilet paper
Necrotic (darker/purple)
5. causes of rectal bleeding
fissures
colorectal cancer
hemorrhoids
Inflammatory bowel disease
diverticulosis
ulcer
aspirin/NSAIDs
EXAM 3
Advanced Health Assessment
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Wilkes University
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢150 Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢Expert Rationales included
➢Exam 3 Comprehensive Study Guide
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
NSG 500 - EXAM 3 - Advanced Health Assessment
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
EXAM PREVIEW STUDY GUIDE FULL PDF LINKED
,Table of Contents
NSG 500 Exam 3 ............................................................................. 2
NSG 500 Exam 3 ........................................................................... 35
NSG 500 Exam 3 Study Guide .................................................... 67
NSG 500 Exam 3
1. A 68-year-old male presents for his annual physical examination. The nurse
practitioner is preparing to perform a digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate
assessment. Which positioning is most appropriate for this examination?
A. Lithotomy position with hips abducted
B. Supine with knees extended
C. Side-lying with hips and knees flexed
D. Prone with a pillow under the abdomen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The side-lying position with hips and knees flexed (Sims' position) is the
preferred positioning for rectal and prostate examination. This position allows for optimal
visualization and palpation of the rectum and prostate gland while maintaining patient
comfort and dignity. The lithotomy position (A) is used for pelvic examinations in females.
Supine (B) and prone (D) positions do not provide adequate access for DRE.
2. During a digital rectal examination of a 55-year-old male, the nurse practitioner
palpates the posterior prostate. Which finding would be considered NORMAL?
A. Hard, irregular, and nodular
B. Smooth, rubbery, and round
C. Tender, boggy, and enlarged
D. Fixed and asymmetrical
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Normal prostate examination findings include a smooth, rubbery, and round
consistency. As males age, the prostate typically becomes more rubbery due to benign
prostatic hyperplasia. A hard, irregular, nodular prostate (A) is suggestive of prostate
malignancy. A tender, boggy prostate (C) indicates prostatitis. A fixed, asymmetrical
prostate (D) is abnormal and warrants further investigation.
3. A 72-year-old female reports that during bowel movements, she notices a red,
fleshy mass protruding from her rectum that slides back inside when she stands up.
Which condition does this describe?
A. Internal hemorrhoids
B. External hemorrhoids
C. Rectal prolapse
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rectal prolapse is characterized by the sliding of rectal tissue through the anus,
often appearing as a red mass during defecation that may reduce spontaneously when
standing. Internal hemorrhoids (A) are smooth, round masses palpated digitally and
typically do not protrude unless severely prolapsed. External hemorrhoids (B) appear as
purple/dark lesions around the anal verge. Anal fissures (D) present as linear tears with
sharp pain during defecation.
4. During a digital rectal examination, the nurse practitioner palpates smooth, round
masses within the anal canal. These findings are most consistent with:
A. External thrombosed hemorrhoids
B. Internal hemorrhoids
C. Rectal polyps
D. Anal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Internal hemorrhoids are palpated as smooth, round masses during digital
rectal examination. They originate above the dentate line and are covered by mucosa.
External thrombosed hemorrhoids (A) appear as purple/dark, painful nodules at the anal
verge. Rectal polyps (C) may be palpable but are less common and require colonoscopic
evaluation. Anal carcinoma (D) presents as irregular, ulcerated, or firm masses.
,5. A patient presents with dark purple, painful nodules at the anal verge. The nurse
practitioner recognizes these as external hemorrhoids. Which finding would be most
concerning and indicate the need for surgical intervention?
A. Mild itching with no discoloration
B. Bleeding during defecation
C. Purple/dark color indicating thrombus with compromised blood supply
D. Soft, reducible mass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External hemorrhoids that appear purple or dark indicate thrombosis with
compromised blood supply, which can lead to tissue necrosis. This is a surgical emergency
requiring intervention. Mild itching (A) and bleeding (B) are common symptoms of
hemorrhoids but do not indicate necrosis. A soft, reducible mass (D) is consistent with
uncomplicated hemorrhoids.
6. Select All That Apply: A 45-year-old patient presents with complaints of rectal
discomfort. Which symptoms are commonly associated with hemorrhoids? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Bleeding
B. Pain
C. Itching
D. Fever
E. Weight loss
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: The common signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids include bleeding (typically
bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool), pain (especially with thrombosed external
hemorrhoids), and itching (due to mucus secretion and perianal moisture). Fever (D) and
weight loss (E) are not associated with uncomplicated hemorrhoids and would suggest
infection, malignancy, or inflammatory bowel disease requiring further evaluation.
7. A 50-year-old patient reports bright red blood in the stool. The nurse practitioner
notes no evidence of hemorrhoids on examination and learns the patient has a family
history of colon cancer. What is the most appropriate clinical action?
A. Reassure the patient and recommend increased fiber intake
B. Order a colonoscopy for further evaluation
,C. Prescribe hemorrhoid cream and schedule follow-up in 6 months
D. Recommend a fecal occult blood test only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal bleeding in the absence of hemorrhoids, particularly with a family history
of colon cancer, warrants immediate further evaluation with colonoscopy. This is a red flag
symptom that requires ruling out malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, or polyps.
Reassurance (A) or topical treatment (C) would be inappropriate without identifying the
source of bleeding. While fecal occult blood testing (D) has screening value, direct
visualization via colonoscopy is indicated given the clinical presentation.
8. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are potential causes of rectal
bleeding? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hemorrhoids
B. NSAID use
C. Inflammatory bowel disease
D. Crohn's disease
E. Ulcerative colitis
F. Anal fissures
G. Anticoagulant therapy
H. Upper and lower GI bleeding
I. Constipation with straining
J. Excessive alcohol consumption
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
Rationale: Rectal bleeding has multiple etiologies. Hemorrhoids (A) and anal fissures (F)
are common anorectal causes. NSAIDs (B) and anticoagulants (G) can cause or exacerbate
bleeding by impairing clotting or causing mucosal injury. Inflammatory bowel diseases
including Crohn's disease (D) and ulcerative colitis (E) cause mucosal inflammation and
bleeding. Both upper and lower GI bleeding (H) can present as rectal bleeding. Constipation
with straining (I) can precipitate hemorrhoidal bleeding or fissures. Excessive alcohol
consumption (J) is associated with GI bleeding through multiple mechanisms including
gastritis, liver disease, and coagulopathy.
9. A nurse practitioner is conducting a musculoskeletal examination on a 35-year-old
athlete. What is the correct sequence for this assessment?
, NSG 500 Exam 3
1. A 62-year-old male presents for his annual physical examination. During the
digital rectal exam (DRE), the nurse practitioner palpates the prostate. Which finding
is consistent with normal prostate anatomy?
A. Hard, fixed mass with irregular borders
B. 2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide, heart-shaped, smooth, rubbery, and slightly movable
C. Tender, boggy gland with purulent discharge
D. Asymmetric enlargement with palpable nodules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A normal prostate is approximately 2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide, heart-shaped,
smooth, rubbery, firm, slightly movable, nontender, and without nodules. Hard, fixed
masses with irregular borders (A) suggest malignancy. A tender, boggy gland (C) is
consistent with prostatitis. Asymmetric enlargement with nodules (D) warrants further
evaluation for prostate cancer.
2. A 58-year-old woman reports bright red blood on the toilet paper after bowel
movements and describes a painful, smooth, round mass at the anal verge. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Internal hemorrhoid
B. Rectal prolapse
C. External hemorrhoid
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External hemorrhoids present as smooth, round, painful masses at the anal
verge, often with itching and blood on toilet paper. Internal hemorrhoids (A) are typically
painless. Rectal prolapse (B) appears as a moist red doughnut with radiating lines
protruding through the anus. Anal fissures (D) cause severe pain with defecation but
present as linear tears, not round masses.
,3. [SATA] A 65-year-old male with a 15-pound unintentional weight loss over 3
months reports a change in bowel habits and persistent abdominal fullness even
after defecation. He has a family history of colorectal cancer. Which findings are red
flags for colorectal cancer? (Select all that apply.)
A. Age over 50
B. Unexplained anemia
C. Abdominal pain
D. Change in bowel habits
E. Weight loss
F. Feeling of fullness after bowel movements
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E, F
Rationale: All listed options are red flags for colorectal cancer. Age over 50, unexplained
anemia, abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, weight loss, post-defecation fullness, and
family history warrant immediate diagnostic workup, including colonoscopy. These
symptoms in combination significantly increase the pretest probability of malignancy.
4. During a rectal examination of a patient with chronic constipation and straining,
the nurse practitioner observes the complete rectal mucous membrane protruding
through the anus, appearing as a moist red doughnut with radiating lines. This
finding is consistent with:
A. Thrombosed external hemorrhoid
B. Rectal prolapse
C. Rectal polyp
D. Anal fissure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal prolapse is characterized by the complete protrusion of the rectal
mucous membrane through the anus, classically described as a moist red doughnut with
radiating lines, often exacerbated by straining. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids (A)
appear as dark purple, necrotic, painful masses. Rectal polyps (C) are not typically visible
externally. Anal fissures (D) are linear mucosal tears.
5. [SATA] Which of the following are recognized causes of rectal bleeding? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Colorectal cancer
B. Hemorrhoids
,C. Inflammatory bowel disease
D. Diverticulosis
E. Chronic aspirin or NSAID use
F. Peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Causes of rectal bleeding include fissures, colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids,
inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), diverticulosis, ulcers,
and chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs. While peptic ulcer disease (F) causes gastrointestinal
bleeding, it typically presents as melena or hematemesis rather than bright red rectal
bleeding.
6. A 45-year-old construction worker presents with heel pain that is "excruciating"
with his first steps in the morning. The pain improves somewhat with ambulation
but worsens again after prolonged standing. Which special test or clinical finding
best supports the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis?
A. Positive Tinel's sign at the medial ankle
B. Pain with dorsiflexion of the great toe
C. Heel pain worse in the morning due to fascia contracting overnight
D. Pain radiating down the lateral aspect of the foot
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plantar fasciitis is classically characterized by heel pain that is worst with the
first steps in the morning because the plantar fascia contracts during sleep. Pain improves
with gentle stretching but worsens with prolonged weight-bearing. Tinel's sign at the
medial ankle (A) suggests tarsal tunnel syndrome. Pain with great toe dorsiflexion (B) is the
windlass test, which can support the diagnosis but is not the hallmark clinical description.
7. [SATA] A 68-year-old obese woman with a history of knee trauma reports
progressive knee pain and stiffness. Which findings are consistent with
osteoarthritis (OA)? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pain that worsens with rest and improves with movement
B. Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes
C. Non-tender nodules in the appendages (Heberden's/Bouchard's nodes)
D. Visible osteophytes on radiographic imaging
E. Pain worse in the morning that improves with activity
, safety and care planning. Total knee replacement (E) is premature without failure of
conservative management and is not indicated solely by bilateral involvement.
NSG 500 Exam 3 Study Guide
1. Rectal exam positioning
side lying, lateral
2. normal prostate exam findings
2.5 cm long by 4 cm wide
Heart-shaped
smooth and rubbery and firm
Slightly movable
No nodules
Nontender to palpate
3. rectal prolapse
the complete rectal mucous membrane protrudes through the anus, appearing as a moist
red doughnut with radiating lines
-seen with straining
4. external hemorrhoid
smooth round mass
painful during bowel movements
itching
blood on the toilet paper
Necrotic (darker/purple)
5. causes of rectal bleeding
fissures
colorectal cancer
hemorrhoids
Inflammatory bowel disease
diverticulosis
ulcer
aspirin/NSAIDs
