HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
1. An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of a. positive feedback
events that does not favor stability and often abruptly
displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
2. What organ shrinks with age? b. gums
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
3. Which of the following is true? d. there is less thirst per-
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult ception in the elderly
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
4. Which of the following is true? c. Women have a lower
a. Women snore more than men hemoglobin than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
5. An increase in normal adaptive response to the de- b. Acclimatization
creased availability of oxygen at high altitude is
termed which?
a. Circadian
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
6. What does it mean when the cause of the disease is d. Iatrogenic
unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
7. Which term is used for the first two months of life? d. Neonatal
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
8. Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the d. Sign
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
9. Which of the following is true regarding cate- c. They include epineph-
cholamines? rine and norepinephrine
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
10. Which of the following is a true statement? b. Endorphins increase
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood with stress, resulting in a
volume regulation decrease in pain percep-
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a de- tion
crease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
11. By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell d. They cross by diffusion
membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport
system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane
by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
12. Which of the following metabolic processes is a com- a. Protein synthesis
ponent of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is c. The sodium-potassium
responsible for maintaining cell volume? pump
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
14. Cellular hypoxia results in: d. Failure of the sodi-
a. Enhanced ATP activity um-potassium pump
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
15. A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower ex- a. Atrophy of her leg mus-
tremities after a prolonged period of bed rest. This is cles
most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
16. Which of the following types of cellular adaption is c. Atrophy
most likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
17. What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs d. Gas bubbles from in the
when deep sea divers get 'the bends'? blood, blocking circulation
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which and resulting in ischemia
destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, pre-
venting the RBCs from carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle
tetany
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
1. An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of a. positive feedback
events that does not favor stability and often abruptly
displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
2. What organ shrinks with age? b. gums
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
3. Which of the following is true? d. there is less thirst per-
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult ception in the elderly
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
4. Which of the following is true? c. Women have a lower
a. Women snore more than men hemoglobin than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
5. An increase in normal adaptive response to the de- b. Acclimatization
creased availability of oxygen at high altitude is
termed which?
a. Circadian
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
6. What does it mean when the cause of the disease is d. Iatrogenic
unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
7. Which term is used for the first two months of life? d. Neonatal
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
8. Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the d. Sign
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
9. Which of the following is true regarding cate- c. They include epineph-
cholamines? rine and norepinephrine
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
10. Which of the following is a true statement? b. Endorphins increase
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood with stress, resulting in a
volume regulation decrease in pain percep-
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a de- tion
crease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
11. By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell d. They cross by diffusion
membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport
system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane
by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
12. Which of the following metabolic processes is a com- a. Protein synthesis
ponent of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is c. The sodium-potassium
responsible for maintaining cell volume? pump
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
, HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM 160
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERI-
FIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jv029y
14. Cellular hypoxia results in: d. Failure of the sodi-
a. Enhanced ATP activity um-potassium pump
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
15. A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower ex- a. Atrophy of her leg mus-
tremities after a prolonged period of bed rest. This is cles
most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
16. Which of the following types of cellular adaption is c. Atrophy
most likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
17. What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs d. Gas bubbles from in the
when deep sea divers get 'the bends'? blood, blocking circulation
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which and resulting in ischemia
destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, pre-
venting the RBCs from carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle
tetany
