Nutrition and Diet Therapy Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions Latest 2026/2027
Examination Title Nutrition and Diet Therapy Board Review Test Bank &
Practice Exam Guide
Specialty Coverage Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Clinical Nutrition,
Enteral/Parenteral Support & Medical Nutrition
Therapy
Passing Standard 75% ( Correct Responses)
Edition Specification Latest 2026/2027 Master Review Edition
Module 1: Principles of Nutrition & Macronutrient Metabolism (Questions 1–15)
Question 1
A client asks the nurse about energy yield from macronutrients. Which energy conversion value
is accurate for calculating caloric content from dietary protein?
• A) 9 kcal per gram
• B) 7 kcal per gram
• C) 4 kcal per gram
• D) 2 kcal per gram
Correct Answer: C) 4 kcal per gram
Green Rationale: Both proteins and carbohydrates yield 4 kcal/g during metabolic oxidation. Dietary lipids
yield 9 kcal/g, and alcohol yields 7 kcal/g.
Question 2
An adult patient consumes 60 grams of carbohydrates, 20 grams of fat, and 25 grams of protein
in a meal. What total caloric energy did the patient ingest?
• A) 520 kcal
• B) 420 kcal
• C) 610 kcal
• D) 380 kcal
Correct Answer: A) 520 kcal
Green Rationale: Calculation: (60g carbs × 4 kcal) + (20g fat × 9 kcal) + (25g protein × 4 kcal) = 240 + 180 +
100 = 520 kcal.
Question 3
,Which disaccharide enzyme hydrolyzes table sugar into glucose and fructose subunits along the
small intestine brush border?
• A) Lactase
• B) Sucrase
• C) Maltase
• D) Amylase
Correct Answer: B) Sucrase
Green Rationale: Sucrase cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose. Lactase cleaves lactose into glucose
and galactose, while maltase splits maltose into two glucose units.
Question 4
Which fiber type dissolves in water to form a gel-like viscous matrix in the stomach, slowing
gastric emptying and helping lower serum LDL cholesterol levels?
• A) Soluble fiber (e.g., pectin, beta-glucan)
• B) Insoluble fiber (e.g., cellulose, lignin)
• C) Resistant starch type 1
• D) Chitin fiber
Correct Answer: A) Soluble fiber (e.g., pectin, beta-glucan)
Green Rationale: Soluble fibers bind bile acids in the intestine and slow carbohydrate absorption, lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Insoluble fibers add bulk to stool.
Question 5
A pediatric client presents with severe edema, enlarged fatty liver, and muscle wasting despite
adequate caloric intake from maize pap. What condition is present?
• A) Marasmus
• B) Kwashiorkor
• C) Sarcopenia
• D) Cachexia
Correct Answer: B) Kwashiorkor
Green Rationale: Kwashiorkor is protein malnutrition with adequate energy intake, leading to
hypoalbuminemia, fluid shifts, and classic abdominal ascites/edema. Marasmus is severe deficiency of both
protein and total calories.
Question 6
Which essential fatty acid must be provided through dietary sources because the human body
cannot synthesize omega-3 double bonds at the n-3 position?
• A) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
• B) Oleic acid
• C) Palmitic acid
• D) Stearic acid
Correct Answer: A) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Green Rationale: Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega-6) are essential fatty acids that
humans cannot synthesize internally due to lack of specific desaturase enzymes.
, Question 7
What primary organ synthesizes bile acids from cholesterol to facilitate emulsification and
digestion of dietary lipids in the duodenum?
• A) Gallbladder
• B) Liver
• C) Pancreas
• D) Stomach
Correct Answer: B) Liver
Green Rationale: The liver synthesizes bile acids, which are then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
before secretion into the small intestine upon meal consumption.
Question 8
Which lipoprotein carries synthesized triglycerides from the liver to peripheral adipose and
muscle tissues for utilization or storage?
• A) Chylomicrons
• B) Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
• C) Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
• D) High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Correct Answer: B) Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
Green Rationale: VLDL transports endogenous liver-derived triglycerides. Chylomicrons transport dietary
(exogenous) lipids from intestinal cells.
Question 9
An athlete experiences nitrogen balance evaluation during heavy training. What result indicates
that muscle tissue protein breakdown exceeds new tissue synthesis?
• A) Positive nitrogen balance
• B) Negative nitrogen balance
• C) Equilibrium nitrogen balance
• D) Zero nitrogen balance
Correct Answer: B) Negative nitrogen balance
Green Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen excretion exceeds intake, reflecting
catabolic states, muscle wasting, trauma, or severe illness.
Question 10
Which protein source contains all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions to support
human growth and development?
• A) Whole eggs
• B) Pinto beans
• C) Whole grain wheat
• D) Gelatin
Correct Answer: A) Whole eggs
Green Rationale: Whole eggs are a high-biological-value complete protein source containing all 9 essential
amino acids. Plant proteins are often incomplete unless combined thoughtfully.
with Verified Solutions Latest 2026/2027
Examination Title Nutrition and Diet Therapy Board Review Test Bank &
Practice Exam Guide
Specialty Coverage Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Clinical Nutrition,
Enteral/Parenteral Support & Medical Nutrition
Therapy
Passing Standard 75% ( Correct Responses)
Edition Specification Latest 2026/2027 Master Review Edition
Module 1: Principles of Nutrition & Macronutrient Metabolism (Questions 1–15)
Question 1
A client asks the nurse about energy yield from macronutrients. Which energy conversion value
is accurate for calculating caloric content from dietary protein?
• A) 9 kcal per gram
• B) 7 kcal per gram
• C) 4 kcal per gram
• D) 2 kcal per gram
Correct Answer: C) 4 kcal per gram
Green Rationale: Both proteins and carbohydrates yield 4 kcal/g during metabolic oxidation. Dietary lipids
yield 9 kcal/g, and alcohol yields 7 kcal/g.
Question 2
An adult patient consumes 60 grams of carbohydrates, 20 grams of fat, and 25 grams of protein
in a meal. What total caloric energy did the patient ingest?
• A) 520 kcal
• B) 420 kcal
• C) 610 kcal
• D) 380 kcal
Correct Answer: A) 520 kcal
Green Rationale: Calculation: (60g carbs × 4 kcal) + (20g fat × 9 kcal) + (25g protein × 4 kcal) = 240 + 180 +
100 = 520 kcal.
Question 3
,Which disaccharide enzyme hydrolyzes table sugar into glucose and fructose subunits along the
small intestine brush border?
• A) Lactase
• B) Sucrase
• C) Maltase
• D) Amylase
Correct Answer: B) Sucrase
Green Rationale: Sucrase cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose. Lactase cleaves lactose into glucose
and galactose, while maltase splits maltose into two glucose units.
Question 4
Which fiber type dissolves in water to form a gel-like viscous matrix in the stomach, slowing
gastric emptying and helping lower serum LDL cholesterol levels?
• A) Soluble fiber (e.g., pectin, beta-glucan)
• B) Insoluble fiber (e.g., cellulose, lignin)
• C) Resistant starch type 1
• D) Chitin fiber
Correct Answer: A) Soluble fiber (e.g., pectin, beta-glucan)
Green Rationale: Soluble fibers bind bile acids in the intestine and slow carbohydrate absorption, lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Insoluble fibers add bulk to stool.
Question 5
A pediatric client presents with severe edema, enlarged fatty liver, and muscle wasting despite
adequate caloric intake from maize pap. What condition is present?
• A) Marasmus
• B) Kwashiorkor
• C) Sarcopenia
• D) Cachexia
Correct Answer: B) Kwashiorkor
Green Rationale: Kwashiorkor is protein malnutrition with adequate energy intake, leading to
hypoalbuminemia, fluid shifts, and classic abdominal ascites/edema. Marasmus is severe deficiency of both
protein and total calories.
Question 6
Which essential fatty acid must be provided through dietary sources because the human body
cannot synthesize omega-3 double bonds at the n-3 position?
• A) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
• B) Oleic acid
• C) Palmitic acid
• D) Stearic acid
Correct Answer: A) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Green Rationale: Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega-6) are essential fatty acids that
humans cannot synthesize internally due to lack of specific desaturase enzymes.
, Question 7
What primary organ synthesizes bile acids from cholesterol to facilitate emulsification and
digestion of dietary lipids in the duodenum?
• A) Gallbladder
• B) Liver
• C) Pancreas
• D) Stomach
Correct Answer: B) Liver
Green Rationale: The liver synthesizes bile acids, which are then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
before secretion into the small intestine upon meal consumption.
Question 8
Which lipoprotein carries synthesized triglycerides from the liver to peripheral adipose and
muscle tissues for utilization or storage?
• A) Chylomicrons
• B) Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
• C) Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
• D) High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Correct Answer: B) Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
Green Rationale: VLDL transports endogenous liver-derived triglycerides. Chylomicrons transport dietary
(exogenous) lipids from intestinal cells.
Question 9
An athlete experiences nitrogen balance evaluation during heavy training. What result indicates
that muscle tissue protein breakdown exceeds new tissue synthesis?
• A) Positive nitrogen balance
• B) Negative nitrogen balance
• C) Equilibrium nitrogen balance
• D) Zero nitrogen balance
Correct Answer: B) Negative nitrogen balance
Green Rationale: Negative nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen excretion exceeds intake, reflecting
catabolic states, muscle wasting, trauma, or severe illness.
Question 10
Which protein source contains all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions to support
human growth and development?
• A) Whole eggs
• B) Pinto beans
• C) Whole grain wheat
• D) Gelatin
Correct Answer: A) Whole eggs
Green Rationale: Whole eggs are a high-biological-value complete protein source containing all 9 essential
amino acids. Plant proteins are often incomplete unless combined thoughtfully.
