Mana 4322 Exam 1 Practice Latest 2026 Updated Questions
and Verified 100% Solutions (2026/2027) Grade: A+|Status:
Guaranteed Pass
interrelationships - Answers -collaborative and strategic exchange relationships between value-
chain activities either (a) within firms or (b) between firms. strategic exchange relationships
involve exchange or resources such as information, people, technology, or money that
contribute to the success of the firm
resource-based view of the firm - Answers -perspective that firms' competitive advantages are
due to their endowment of strategic resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and
costly to substitute
tangible resources - Answers -organizational assets that are relatively easy to identify, including
physical assets, financial resources, organizational resources, and technological resources
intangible resources - Answers -organizational assets that are difficult to identify and account
for and are typically embedded in unique routines and practices, including human resources,
innovation resources, and reputation resources
organizational capabilities - Answers -the competencies and skills that a firm employs to
transform inputs into outputs
path dependency - Answers -a characteristic of resources that is developed and/or accumulated
through a unique series of events
1|Page
,casual ambiguity - Answers -a characteristic of a firm's resources that is costly to imitate
because a competitor cannot determine what the resource is and/or how it can be re-created
social complexity - Answers -a characteristic of a firm's resources that is costly to imitate
because the social engineering required is beyond the capability of competitors, including
interpersonal relations among managers, organizational culture, and reputation with suppliers
and customers
financial ratio analysis - Answers -a technique for measuring the performance of a firm
according to its balance sheet, income statement, and market valuation
balanced scorecard - Answers -a method of evaluating a firm's performance measures from the
customer, internal, innovation and learning, and financial perspectives
customer perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how well firms are
satisfying customers' expectations
internal business perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how well
firms' internal processes, decisions, and actions are contributing to customer satisfaction
innovation and learning perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how
well firms are changing their product and service offerings to adapt to changes in the internal
and external environments
2|Page
, financial perspective - Answers -measures of firms' financial performance that indicate how well
strategy, implemenation, and execution are contributing to bottom-line improvement
knowledge economy - Answers -an economy where wealth is created through the effective
management of knowledge workers instead of by the efficient control of physical financial
assets
intellectual capital - Answers -the difference between the market value of the firm and the book
value of the firm, including assets such as reputation, employee loyalty and commitment,
customer relationships, company values, brand names, and the experience and skills of
employees
human capital - Answers -the individual capabilities, knowledge, skills, and experience of a
company's employees and managers
social capital - Answers -the network of friendships and working relationships between talented
people both inside and outside the organization
explicit knowledge - Answers -knowledge that is codified, documented, easily reproduced, and
widely distributed
tacit knowledge - Answers -knowledge that is in the minds of employees and is based on their
experiences and backgrounds
3|Page
and Verified 100% Solutions (2026/2027) Grade: A+|Status:
Guaranteed Pass
interrelationships - Answers -collaborative and strategic exchange relationships between value-
chain activities either (a) within firms or (b) between firms. strategic exchange relationships
involve exchange or resources such as information, people, technology, or money that
contribute to the success of the firm
resource-based view of the firm - Answers -perspective that firms' competitive advantages are
due to their endowment of strategic resources that are valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and
costly to substitute
tangible resources - Answers -organizational assets that are relatively easy to identify, including
physical assets, financial resources, organizational resources, and technological resources
intangible resources - Answers -organizational assets that are difficult to identify and account
for and are typically embedded in unique routines and practices, including human resources,
innovation resources, and reputation resources
organizational capabilities - Answers -the competencies and skills that a firm employs to
transform inputs into outputs
path dependency - Answers -a characteristic of resources that is developed and/or accumulated
through a unique series of events
1|Page
,casual ambiguity - Answers -a characteristic of a firm's resources that is costly to imitate
because a competitor cannot determine what the resource is and/or how it can be re-created
social complexity - Answers -a characteristic of a firm's resources that is costly to imitate
because the social engineering required is beyond the capability of competitors, including
interpersonal relations among managers, organizational culture, and reputation with suppliers
and customers
financial ratio analysis - Answers -a technique for measuring the performance of a firm
according to its balance sheet, income statement, and market valuation
balanced scorecard - Answers -a method of evaluating a firm's performance measures from the
customer, internal, innovation and learning, and financial perspectives
customer perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how well firms are
satisfying customers' expectations
internal business perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how well
firms' internal processes, decisions, and actions are contributing to customer satisfaction
innovation and learning perspective - Answers -measures of firm performance that indicate how
well firms are changing their product and service offerings to adapt to changes in the internal
and external environments
2|Page
, financial perspective - Answers -measures of firms' financial performance that indicate how well
strategy, implemenation, and execution are contributing to bottom-line improvement
knowledge economy - Answers -an economy where wealth is created through the effective
management of knowledge workers instead of by the efficient control of physical financial
assets
intellectual capital - Answers -the difference between the market value of the firm and the book
value of the firm, including assets such as reputation, employee loyalty and commitment,
customer relationships, company values, brand names, and the experience and skills of
employees
human capital - Answers -the individual capabilities, knowledge, skills, and experience of a
company's employees and managers
social capital - Answers -the network of friendships and working relationships between talented
people both inside and outside the organization
explicit knowledge - Answers -knowledge that is codified, documented, easily reproduced, and
widely distributed
tacit knowledge - Answers -knowledge that is in the minds of employees and is based on their
experiences and backgrounds
3|Page
