NURS NGN Practice 2024 |
Next Generation NCLEX
Questions, Case Studies,
Answers & Detailed
Rationales
| Complete Ethics Study
Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old client in the emergency Actions to Take
department. - obtain an echocardiogram
Nurses' Notes - obtain a prescription for an NSAID such as ibuprofen
Admitted to the emergency accompanied by partner. Alert Potential Condition
and oriented x3. Skin warm and dry, no discoloration - pericarditis
noted. Client reports substernal chest pain that radiates to Parameters to Monitor
the left shoulder and neck. Rates pain as 8 on a scale of 0 - pain level
to 10. Pain increases with aspiration and when lying down. - pulsus paradoxus
Client reports decreased pain when sitting upright and The nurse should obtain an echocardiogram and obtain a prescription for an NSAID
leaning forward. Heart sounds regular with a pericardial such as ibuprofen because the client is most likely experiencing pericarditis due a
friction rub auscultated left lower sternal border. Lungs respiratory infection.
clear to auscultation with occasional non-productive The nurse should monitor the client's pain as well as for pulsus paradoxus (a
cough. No peripheral edema noted. systolic blood pressure increase of > 10 mm Hg during inspiration) which is a
Vital Signs manifestation of cardiac tamponade and is a medical emergency.
Temperature 38.3° C (101° F)
Heart rate 100/min
Respiration rate 20/min
BP 128/82 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation 98% on room air
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who Bleeding and infection are correct.
has acute leukemia. Bleeding is one of the major causes of death for clients who have acute leukemia.
Diagnostic Results The nurse should note that the client's platelet count has decreased, and the PT,
Month Three: PTT, and INR levels have all increased, which places the client at a high risk for
WBC count 15,500/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3) bleeding. Infection is also one of the major causes of death for clients who have
RBC count 4.0 million/mm3 (4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3) acute leukemia. The WBC count can be low, normal, or high in leukemia, but the
Hemoglobin 11 g/dL (12 to 16 g/dL) cells are small and nonfunctioning. The inability of the client's WBCs to mount an
Hematocrit 33% (37% to 47%) appropriate protection against invading micro-organisms places the client at a high
Platelet count 100,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3) risk for infection.
PT 13.5 seconds (11 to 12.5 seconds) Fracture and dysrhythmia are incorr
INR 2.2 seconds (0.8 to 1.1 seconds)
PTT 85 seconds (60 to 70 seconds)
Sodium 137 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Potassium 4.5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Glucose 98 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
BUN 15 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL (0.5 to 1 mg/dL)
Calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9 to 10.5 mg/dL)
Vitamin D 65 ng/dL (25 to 80 ng/dL)
Drag words from the choices below to fill in each
blank in the following sentence.
A nurse on a cardiac care unit is caring for a preschooler. Hypokalemia is correct. The client is receiving furosemide every 6 hr. Furosemide
Nurses' Notes causes potassium depletion. Therefore, the client is at risk for hypokalemia .
2015: Digitalis toxicity is correct. The client is receiving digitalis every 12 hr. The margin
Increase in dyspnea noted with orthopnea. Nasal flaring of safety is very small, 0.8 to 2 mcg/L. Therefore, the client is at risk for digitalis
with respiratory rate of 36/min. Lung sounds with wheezing toxicity .
noted throughout. Lower extremity edema 3+ to bilateral
lower extremities. Extremities cool with decreased skin
pigmentation noted. Peripheral pulses weak bilateral.
Jugular vein distention noted. Provider notified. Received
prescription for additional dose of IV furosemide.
Medication Administration Record
Hospital Day 1:
Furosemide 40 mg IV every 6 hr. Administered at 1755.
Hospital Day 2:
Give digoxin 125 mcg 12 hr after initial dose. Administered
at 0608.
Give digoxin 125 mcg 12 hr after second dose.
Administered at 1804.
,A nurse is caring for a client in the labor room. Box 1
Medical History Postpartum hemorrhage is correct. Overdistention of the uterus during
Gravida 2 Para 1 pregnancy can impact the ability of the uterine muscles to tightly contract following
38 weeks gestation delivery. This can result in excessive blood loss following delivery. Clients who have
Pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes and high parity, fetal macrosomia, multiple gestations, and hydramnios are more likely to
hydramnios. experience uterine atony. Therefore, the client has the greatest risk of developing a
Spontaneous vaginal delivery 1 year ago. postpartum hemorrhage due to hydramnios.
No significant past medical history. Box 2
No history of surgeries. Hydramnios is correct. Hydramnios or polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of
Spontaneous onset of labor amniotic fluid that causes overdistention of the uterus. This complication can
Nurses Notes develop during the third trimester in women who have diabetes mellitus. This can
1020: impair the ability of the uterus to tightly contract.
Client pushing effectively. Crowning. Provider present at
bedside.
Contraction pattern: occurring every 4- 5 min; lasting 75-90
seconds; palpate strong.
Fetal heart rate 150/min. Average variability. Spontaneous
accelerations noted. Variable decelerations noted when
pushing.
1025:
Spontaneous vaginal delivery.
2nd degree lacerations with repair.
Apgar scores: 8 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min
Birth weight 7 lb 8 oz (3,402 g).
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of Actions to Take
gestation. - obtain fasting blood glucose levels
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below - perform a nonstress test
to specify what condition the client is most likely Potential Condition
experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address - gestational diabetes mellitus
that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor Parameters to Monitor
to assess the client’s progress. - monitor the client's hemoglobin A1c
Diagnostic Results - fetal well-being
Fasting blood glucose 140 mg/dL (60 to 105 mg/dL) The nurse should obtain fasting blood glucose levels and perform a nonstress test
HbA1c 10% (less than 6.5%) because the client is most likely experiencing gestational diabetes mellitus because
Urinalysis: the client has a blood glucose level above the expected reference range,
Appearance cloudy (clear) glucosuria, and ketonuria. The nurse should monitor the client's hemoglobin A1c
Color amber yellow (amber yellow) because it evaluates past glycemic control and assists the provider in evaluating
pH 4.8 (4.6 to 8.0) how well the client is adhering to any future treatment plan. Also, fetal well-being
Positive urine glucose (negative) should be monitored to determine how the client's diabetes mellitus is affecting the
3+ ketones (negative) fetus and if additional studies or testing should be performed on the fetus in addition
Urine specific gravity 1.010 (1.005 to 1.030) to nonstress testing.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the second stage of Actions to Take
labor. - flex the client’s legs against the abdomen
Medical History - apply suprapubic pressure
0800: 28-year-old client; G2 P1; at 39 weeks of gestation. Potential Condition
Client has history of insulin dependent gestational diabetes - dystocia
mellitus with current pregnancy. Parameters to Monitor
Client admitted to the facility in the latent phase of labor at - movement of the newborn's upper extremities
4 cm, 70% effaced, and -1 station. - maternal perineum
Nurse's Notes The nurse should flex the client’s legs against the abdomen and apply suprapubic
1300: Client reports need to have a bowel movement. pressure because the client is most likely experiencing shoulder dystocia. Flexing
Sterile vaginal examination (SVE) performed; 10 cm, 100% the clients legs against the abdomen straightens the maternal pelvis, helping to free
effaced, and +1 station. Fetal heart rate 130’s with the trapped anterior shoulder of the fetus. Applying suprapubic pressure also helps
moderate variability, occasional variable decelerations free the anterior shoulder, allowing for birth of the newborn's body. The nurse should
observed. Provider notified of cervical assessment. Client monitor the movement of the newborn's upper extremities because newborns who
actively pushing with contractions. experience a shoulder dystocia are at a greater risk for brachial plexus injuries. The
1503: Provider at bedside. Fetal head crowning. nurse should also monitor the maternal perineum because mothers who experience
shoulder dystocia are at a greater risk for trauma to the vagina, perineum, and
rectum.
, A nurse is caring for a school-age child who was involved Dropdown 1
in a motor-vehicle crash. Pulmonary embolism is correct. Immobility from traction decreases venous return
Nurses' Notes and causes pooling of blood, which increases the risk of clot formation. The child is
1845: receiving traction therapy for management of femur fracture and is experiencing a
Client is awake, alert, oriented to person, place, and time. change in respiratory status with their respirations being slightly labored. These
Skin warm and dry. Capillary refill less than 2 seconds. findings put the child at great risk for developing an embolus.
Heart rate regular. Scattered rhonchi bilateral bases. Dropdown 2
Respirations even and non-labored. Bowel sounds Oxygen saturation level is correct. The child's oxygen saturation level has
hypoactive in all four quadrants... decreased, which indicates hypoxia. This finding can be related to pulmonary
2125: embolism.
Skin warm and dry. Respirations even and slightly labored.
Nonproductive cough noted. Bowel sounds hypoactive in
all four quadrants. Last bowel movement two days ago
soft, formed. Pedal pulse +2 bilateral. +2 edema noted to
right lower extremity. Rates pain as 5 on pain scale from 0
to 10. Capillary refill to lower extremities less than 2
seconds. Voided 200 mL clear, yellow urine.
2125:
Temperature: 37.1°C (98.8°F)
Pulse rate: 94/min
Respiratory rate: 23/min
Blood pressure: 110/64 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation: 93% room air
A nurse is caring for a client who reports fatigue, When analyzing cues, the nurse should identify that the client findings of fatigue,
unexplained bruising, and headaches. headache, bruising, and decreased platelet count are related to
Diagnostic Results thrombocytopenia.
CBC: Clients who have this condition are at risk for disseminated intravascular
RBC 4.0 million/mm3 (4.7 to 6.1 million/mm3) coagulation which is condition that causes spontaneous excessive bleeding due to
WBC 4.0 x 106/mm3 (4.7 to 6.1 x 106/mm3) decreased clotting ability of the blood. The client’s current platelet count is below
Hemoglobin 10,500 mm3 (5,000 to 10,000 mm3) the expected reference range, therefore, the client is as risk for bleeding and the
Hematocrit 10 g/dL (14 to 18 g/dL) nurse should monitor the client for the development of DIC.
Platelets 60,000/mm3 (150,000 to 40,000/mm3)
Basic Metabolic Profile:
BUN 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL (0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL)
Total calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL)
Carbon dioxide 27 mEq/L (23 to 30 mEq/L)
Chloride 101 mEq/L (98 to 106 mEq/L)
Glucose 80 mg/dL (74 to 106 mEq/L)
Potassium 4.2 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Sodium 104 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
The client is at risk for developing
____________________
due to their
____________________
A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia on a Actions to Take
medical-surgical unit. - administer a bronchodilator
Nurse's Notes - prepare the client for intubation
Client admitted to the unit 12 hr ago with pneumonia, Potential Condition
over the last 1 hr the client has exhibited dyspnea and - respiratory acidosis and respiratory distress
restlessness. Respiratory rate is currently 32/min with Parameters to Monitor
deep breaths, BP 198/78 mm Hg. Oxygen has been - correct placement of the ETT following intubation
increased from 2 L nasal cannula to 50% face mask - arterial blood gases
with little improvement of oxygen saturation. Current The nurse should administer a bronchodilator and prepare the client for intubation
oxygen saturation is 91% on 50% facemask. Arterial because the client is likely experiencing respiratory acidosis and respiratory
blood gases drawn and sent to lab. distress. The nurse should then monitor for the correct placement of the ETT
Diagnostic Results following intubation as well as the client's arterial blood gases to normalize.
ABGs:
pH 7.25 (7.35 to 7.45)
pCO2 62 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg)
HCO3- 22 mEq/L (22 to 26 mEq/L)
Next Generation NCLEX
Questions, Case Studies,
Answers & Detailed
Rationales
| Complete Ethics Study
Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old client in the emergency Actions to Take
department. - obtain an echocardiogram
Nurses' Notes - obtain a prescription for an NSAID such as ibuprofen
Admitted to the emergency accompanied by partner. Alert Potential Condition
and oriented x3. Skin warm and dry, no discoloration - pericarditis
noted. Client reports substernal chest pain that radiates to Parameters to Monitor
the left shoulder and neck. Rates pain as 8 on a scale of 0 - pain level
to 10. Pain increases with aspiration and when lying down. - pulsus paradoxus
Client reports decreased pain when sitting upright and The nurse should obtain an echocardiogram and obtain a prescription for an NSAID
leaning forward. Heart sounds regular with a pericardial such as ibuprofen because the client is most likely experiencing pericarditis due a
friction rub auscultated left lower sternal border. Lungs respiratory infection.
clear to auscultation with occasional non-productive The nurse should monitor the client's pain as well as for pulsus paradoxus (a
cough. No peripheral edema noted. systolic blood pressure increase of > 10 mm Hg during inspiration) which is a
Vital Signs manifestation of cardiac tamponade and is a medical emergency.
Temperature 38.3° C (101° F)
Heart rate 100/min
Respiration rate 20/min
BP 128/82 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation 98% on room air
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who Bleeding and infection are correct.
has acute leukemia. Bleeding is one of the major causes of death for clients who have acute leukemia.
Diagnostic Results The nurse should note that the client's platelet count has decreased, and the PT,
Month Three: PTT, and INR levels have all increased, which places the client at a high risk for
WBC count 15,500/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3) bleeding. Infection is also one of the major causes of death for clients who have
RBC count 4.0 million/mm3 (4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3) acute leukemia. The WBC count can be low, normal, or high in leukemia, but the
Hemoglobin 11 g/dL (12 to 16 g/dL) cells are small and nonfunctioning. The inability of the client's WBCs to mount an
Hematocrit 33% (37% to 47%) appropriate protection against invading micro-organisms places the client at a high
Platelet count 100,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3) risk for infection.
PT 13.5 seconds (11 to 12.5 seconds) Fracture and dysrhythmia are incorr
INR 2.2 seconds (0.8 to 1.1 seconds)
PTT 85 seconds (60 to 70 seconds)
Sodium 137 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Potassium 4.5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Glucose 98 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
BUN 15 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL (0.5 to 1 mg/dL)
Calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9 to 10.5 mg/dL)
Vitamin D 65 ng/dL (25 to 80 ng/dL)
Drag words from the choices below to fill in each
blank in the following sentence.
A nurse on a cardiac care unit is caring for a preschooler. Hypokalemia is correct. The client is receiving furosemide every 6 hr. Furosemide
Nurses' Notes causes potassium depletion. Therefore, the client is at risk for hypokalemia .
2015: Digitalis toxicity is correct. The client is receiving digitalis every 12 hr. The margin
Increase in dyspnea noted with orthopnea. Nasal flaring of safety is very small, 0.8 to 2 mcg/L. Therefore, the client is at risk for digitalis
with respiratory rate of 36/min. Lung sounds with wheezing toxicity .
noted throughout. Lower extremity edema 3+ to bilateral
lower extremities. Extremities cool with decreased skin
pigmentation noted. Peripheral pulses weak bilateral.
Jugular vein distention noted. Provider notified. Received
prescription for additional dose of IV furosemide.
Medication Administration Record
Hospital Day 1:
Furosemide 40 mg IV every 6 hr. Administered at 1755.
Hospital Day 2:
Give digoxin 125 mcg 12 hr after initial dose. Administered
at 0608.
Give digoxin 125 mcg 12 hr after second dose.
Administered at 1804.
,A nurse is caring for a client in the labor room. Box 1
Medical History Postpartum hemorrhage is correct. Overdistention of the uterus during
Gravida 2 Para 1 pregnancy can impact the ability of the uterine muscles to tightly contract following
38 weeks gestation delivery. This can result in excessive blood loss following delivery. Clients who have
Pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes and high parity, fetal macrosomia, multiple gestations, and hydramnios are more likely to
hydramnios. experience uterine atony. Therefore, the client has the greatest risk of developing a
Spontaneous vaginal delivery 1 year ago. postpartum hemorrhage due to hydramnios.
No significant past medical history. Box 2
No history of surgeries. Hydramnios is correct. Hydramnios or polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of
Spontaneous onset of labor amniotic fluid that causes overdistention of the uterus. This complication can
Nurses Notes develop during the third trimester in women who have diabetes mellitus. This can
1020: impair the ability of the uterus to tightly contract.
Client pushing effectively. Crowning. Provider present at
bedside.
Contraction pattern: occurring every 4- 5 min; lasting 75-90
seconds; palpate strong.
Fetal heart rate 150/min. Average variability. Spontaneous
accelerations noted. Variable decelerations noted when
pushing.
1025:
Spontaneous vaginal delivery.
2nd degree lacerations with repair.
Apgar scores: 8 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min
Birth weight 7 lb 8 oz (3,402 g).
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of Actions to Take
gestation. - obtain fasting blood glucose levels
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below - perform a nonstress test
to specify what condition the client is most likely Potential Condition
experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address - gestational diabetes mellitus
that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor Parameters to Monitor
to assess the client’s progress. - monitor the client's hemoglobin A1c
Diagnostic Results - fetal well-being
Fasting blood glucose 140 mg/dL (60 to 105 mg/dL) The nurse should obtain fasting blood glucose levels and perform a nonstress test
HbA1c 10% (less than 6.5%) because the client is most likely experiencing gestational diabetes mellitus because
Urinalysis: the client has a blood glucose level above the expected reference range,
Appearance cloudy (clear) glucosuria, and ketonuria. The nurse should monitor the client's hemoglobin A1c
Color amber yellow (amber yellow) because it evaluates past glycemic control and assists the provider in evaluating
pH 4.8 (4.6 to 8.0) how well the client is adhering to any future treatment plan. Also, fetal well-being
Positive urine glucose (negative) should be monitored to determine how the client's diabetes mellitus is affecting the
3+ ketones (negative) fetus and if additional studies or testing should be performed on the fetus in addition
Urine specific gravity 1.010 (1.005 to 1.030) to nonstress testing.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the second stage of Actions to Take
labor. - flex the client’s legs against the abdomen
Medical History - apply suprapubic pressure
0800: 28-year-old client; G2 P1; at 39 weeks of gestation. Potential Condition
Client has history of insulin dependent gestational diabetes - dystocia
mellitus with current pregnancy. Parameters to Monitor
Client admitted to the facility in the latent phase of labor at - movement of the newborn's upper extremities
4 cm, 70% effaced, and -1 station. - maternal perineum
Nurse's Notes The nurse should flex the client’s legs against the abdomen and apply suprapubic
1300: Client reports need to have a bowel movement. pressure because the client is most likely experiencing shoulder dystocia. Flexing
Sterile vaginal examination (SVE) performed; 10 cm, 100% the clients legs against the abdomen straightens the maternal pelvis, helping to free
effaced, and +1 station. Fetal heart rate 130’s with the trapped anterior shoulder of the fetus. Applying suprapubic pressure also helps
moderate variability, occasional variable decelerations free the anterior shoulder, allowing for birth of the newborn's body. The nurse should
observed. Provider notified of cervical assessment. Client monitor the movement of the newborn's upper extremities because newborns who
actively pushing with contractions. experience a shoulder dystocia are at a greater risk for brachial plexus injuries. The
1503: Provider at bedside. Fetal head crowning. nurse should also monitor the maternal perineum because mothers who experience
shoulder dystocia are at a greater risk for trauma to the vagina, perineum, and
rectum.
, A nurse is caring for a school-age child who was involved Dropdown 1
in a motor-vehicle crash. Pulmonary embolism is correct. Immobility from traction decreases venous return
Nurses' Notes and causes pooling of blood, which increases the risk of clot formation. The child is
1845: receiving traction therapy for management of femur fracture and is experiencing a
Client is awake, alert, oriented to person, place, and time. change in respiratory status with their respirations being slightly labored. These
Skin warm and dry. Capillary refill less than 2 seconds. findings put the child at great risk for developing an embolus.
Heart rate regular. Scattered rhonchi bilateral bases. Dropdown 2
Respirations even and non-labored. Bowel sounds Oxygen saturation level is correct. The child's oxygen saturation level has
hypoactive in all four quadrants... decreased, which indicates hypoxia. This finding can be related to pulmonary
2125: embolism.
Skin warm and dry. Respirations even and slightly labored.
Nonproductive cough noted. Bowel sounds hypoactive in
all four quadrants. Last bowel movement two days ago
soft, formed. Pedal pulse +2 bilateral. +2 edema noted to
right lower extremity. Rates pain as 5 on pain scale from 0
to 10. Capillary refill to lower extremities less than 2
seconds. Voided 200 mL clear, yellow urine.
2125:
Temperature: 37.1°C (98.8°F)
Pulse rate: 94/min
Respiratory rate: 23/min
Blood pressure: 110/64 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation: 93% room air
A nurse is caring for a client who reports fatigue, When analyzing cues, the nurse should identify that the client findings of fatigue,
unexplained bruising, and headaches. headache, bruising, and decreased platelet count are related to
Diagnostic Results thrombocytopenia.
CBC: Clients who have this condition are at risk for disseminated intravascular
RBC 4.0 million/mm3 (4.7 to 6.1 million/mm3) coagulation which is condition that causes spontaneous excessive bleeding due to
WBC 4.0 x 106/mm3 (4.7 to 6.1 x 106/mm3) decreased clotting ability of the blood. The client’s current platelet count is below
Hemoglobin 10,500 mm3 (5,000 to 10,000 mm3) the expected reference range, therefore, the client is as risk for bleeding and the
Hematocrit 10 g/dL (14 to 18 g/dL) nurse should monitor the client for the development of DIC.
Platelets 60,000/mm3 (150,000 to 40,000/mm3)
Basic Metabolic Profile:
BUN 18 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL (0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL)
Total calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL)
Carbon dioxide 27 mEq/L (23 to 30 mEq/L)
Chloride 101 mEq/L (98 to 106 mEq/L)
Glucose 80 mg/dL (74 to 106 mEq/L)
Potassium 4.2 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Sodium 104 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
The client is at risk for developing
____________________
due to their
____________________
A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia on a Actions to Take
medical-surgical unit. - administer a bronchodilator
Nurse's Notes - prepare the client for intubation
Client admitted to the unit 12 hr ago with pneumonia, Potential Condition
over the last 1 hr the client has exhibited dyspnea and - respiratory acidosis and respiratory distress
restlessness. Respiratory rate is currently 32/min with Parameters to Monitor
deep breaths, BP 198/78 mm Hg. Oxygen has been - correct placement of the ETT following intubation
increased from 2 L nasal cannula to 50% face mask - arterial blood gases
with little improvement of oxygen saturation. Current The nurse should administer a bronchodilator and prepare the client for intubation
oxygen saturation is 91% on 50% facemask. Arterial because the client is likely experiencing respiratory acidosis and respiratory
blood gases drawn and sent to lab. distress. The nurse should then monitor for the correct placement of the ETT
Diagnostic Results following intubation as well as the client's arterial blood gases to normalize.
ABGs:
pH 7.25 (7.35 to 7.45)
pCO2 62 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg)
HCO3- 22 mEq/L (22 to 26 mEq/L)
