NURS 5432 GERIATRIC PATIENT AND GI
DISORDERS IN PRIMARY CARE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST
UPDATED 2026
Question: What is the mini mental evaluation?
Answer: ✔✔ A tool that can be used to thoroughly assess mental status.
Question: What areas does the mini mental exam assess?
Answer: ✔✔ It tests five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration,
attention and calculation, recall, and language.
Question: What is the Montreal cognition?
Answer: ✔✔ A rapid screening assessment used for mild cognitive dysfunction.
Question: What does the Montreal cognition test for?
Answer: ✔✔ Attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language,
visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation.
Question: What is Delirium?
Answer: ✔✔ A sudden onset of clouded sensorium that can occur at any age
associated with a physical stressor.
What are the causes for Delirium? -ANSWER ✔✔Toxins, alcohol/drug abuse,
trauma, Impactions in the elderly, poor nutrition, electrolyte imbalances, anesthesia
and septicemia.
What is the management of Delirium? -ANSWER ✔✔Treat the underlying cause
What is Dementia? -ANSWER ✔✔A chronic progressive cognitive impairment
, What are the causes of Dementia? -ANSWER ✔✔Atherosclerosis,
neurotransmitter deficits, cortical atrophy, ventricular dilation, loss of brain cells,
possible viral causes, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia
What are the first line treatment drugs used to treat Alzheimer's? -ANSWER
✔✔Best in mild to moderate disease; may be effective in Lewy body dementia.
Donepezil (Aricept): Start at 5 mg/day PO; may increase to 10 mg/day after 1
month, may increase to 23 mg/day after 3 months if needed. Orally disintegrating
tablets; generic available. Caution with digoxin or β-blockers (Donepezil may
prolong PR interval.)
Rivastigmine (Exelon): Start at 1.5 mg PO BID and increase by 1.5 mg BID every
2 weeks; maintenance 6 to 12 mg/day total Capsule, solution, or patch (reduced
side effects)
Galantamine (Razadyne): Start at 4 mg BID for 4 weeks and then increase by 4 mg
BID every month with goal of 16 to 24 mg/day dose.
Tablets, solution, extended-release (ER) capsule, and transdermal formulations
Vitamin E—2,000 IU/day supplementation was found to slow decline in one study.
Memantine, a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist for moderate to
severe AD
Monotherapy or in combination with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Memantine
immediate release: 5 mg/day; titrate up to 10 mg BID, adding 5 mg/day every
week PRN.
DISORDERS IN PRIMARY CARE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST
UPDATED 2026
Question: What is the mini mental evaluation?
Answer: ✔✔ A tool that can be used to thoroughly assess mental status.
Question: What areas does the mini mental exam assess?
Answer: ✔✔ It tests five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration,
attention and calculation, recall, and language.
Question: What is the Montreal cognition?
Answer: ✔✔ A rapid screening assessment used for mild cognitive dysfunction.
Question: What does the Montreal cognition test for?
Answer: ✔✔ Attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language,
visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation.
Question: What is Delirium?
Answer: ✔✔ A sudden onset of clouded sensorium that can occur at any age
associated with a physical stressor.
What are the causes for Delirium? -ANSWER ✔✔Toxins, alcohol/drug abuse,
trauma, Impactions in the elderly, poor nutrition, electrolyte imbalances, anesthesia
and septicemia.
What is the management of Delirium? -ANSWER ✔✔Treat the underlying cause
What is Dementia? -ANSWER ✔✔A chronic progressive cognitive impairment
, What are the causes of Dementia? -ANSWER ✔✔Atherosclerosis,
neurotransmitter deficits, cortical atrophy, ventricular dilation, loss of brain cells,
possible viral causes, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia
What are the first line treatment drugs used to treat Alzheimer's? -ANSWER
✔✔Best in mild to moderate disease; may be effective in Lewy body dementia.
Donepezil (Aricept): Start at 5 mg/day PO; may increase to 10 mg/day after 1
month, may increase to 23 mg/day after 3 months if needed. Orally disintegrating
tablets; generic available. Caution with digoxin or β-blockers (Donepezil may
prolong PR interval.)
Rivastigmine (Exelon): Start at 1.5 mg PO BID and increase by 1.5 mg BID every
2 weeks; maintenance 6 to 12 mg/day total Capsule, solution, or patch (reduced
side effects)
Galantamine (Razadyne): Start at 4 mg BID for 4 weeks and then increase by 4 mg
BID every month with goal of 16 to 24 mg/day dose.
Tablets, solution, extended-release (ER) capsule, and transdermal formulations
Vitamin E—2,000 IU/day supplementation was found to slow decline in one study.
Memantine, a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist for moderate to
severe AD
Monotherapy or in combination with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Memantine
immediate release: 5 mg/day; titrate up to 10 mg BID, adding 5 mg/day every
week PRN.
