NURS 534 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ . Which of the following tests is considered the gold standard for
definitively diagnosing osteoporosis?
A. Bone alkaline phosphatase levels
B. Urinary N-telopeptide assay
C. Bone mass density measurement by densitometry
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
Answer: C. Bone mass density measurement by densitometry
◉ What is the recommended daily calcium intake for men 70 years
and younger?
A. 500 mg/day
B. 750 mg/day
C. 1,000 mg/day
D. 1,500 mg/day
Answer: C. 1,000 mg/day
,◉ Mrs. Allen is a 60-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with
osteoporosis. She is very concerned about the risk of breast cancer
associated with hormone replacement therapy and is wondering
what other treatments are available to her. The clinician explains
that bisphosphonates are another class of drugs used in the
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. What teaching should the
clinician give Mrs. Allen in regard to taking bisphosphonates?
A. Taking bisphosphonates can result in hypercalcemia, so calcium
intake should be decreased while taking this class of drugs.
B. There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these medications are
contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the esophagus or
delayed esophageal emptying.
C. This class of drugs can be taken at any time of the day without
regard to meals.
D. This class of drugs should be taken with orange juice to increase
absorption.
Answer: B. There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these
medications are contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the
esophagus or delayed esophageal emptying.
◉ One of the most frequent presenting signs/symptoms of
osteoporosis is:
A. Goiter
B. Abnormal serum calcium
C. Elevated urine biochemical markers
, D. Bony fracture
Answer: D. Bony fracture
◉ Gladys has begun taking Prolia for osteoporosis. Which of the
following should be included in teaching about this medication?
A. This medication is an oral pill daily.
B. This medication decreases the risk of infection.
C. It is contraindicated in the event of hypocalcemia.
D. A drug holiday every 8 months is recommended.
Answer: C. It is contraindicated in the event of hypocalcemia
◉ Willow is a 67-year-old female and her bone mineral density is
more than 1 SD below the young adult reference mean. What is her
diagnosis?
A. Normal bone mineral density
B. Osteopenia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Severe osteoporosis
Answer: B. Osteopenia
◉ Which of the following statements regarding perimenopause is
false?
a) Menstration stops during peri-menapause
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ . Which of the following tests is considered the gold standard for
definitively diagnosing osteoporosis?
A. Bone alkaline phosphatase levels
B. Urinary N-telopeptide assay
C. Bone mass density measurement by densitometry
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
Answer: C. Bone mass density measurement by densitometry
◉ What is the recommended daily calcium intake for men 70 years
and younger?
A. 500 mg/day
B. 750 mg/day
C. 1,000 mg/day
D. 1,500 mg/day
Answer: C. 1,000 mg/day
,◉ Mrs. Allen is a 60-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with
osteoporosis. She is very concerned about the risk of breast cancer
associated with hormone replacement therapy and is wondering
what other treatments are available to her. The clinician explains
that bisphosphonates are another class of drugs used in the
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. What teaching should the
clinician give Mrs. Allen in regard to taking bisphosphonates?
A. Taking bisphosphonates can result in hypercalcemia, so calcium
intake should be decreased while taking this class of drugs.
B. There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these medications are
contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the esophagus or
delayed esophageal emptying.
C. This class of drugs can be taken at any time of the day without
regard to meals.
D. This class of drugs should be taken with orange juice to increase
absorption.
Answer: B. There is potential for upper GI irritation, so these
medications are contraindicated in people with abnormalities of the
esophagus or delayed esophageal emptying.
◉ One of the most frequent presenting signs/symptoms of
osteoporosis is:
A. Goiter
B. Abnormal serum calcium
C. Elevated urine biochemical markers
, D. Bony fracture
Answer: D. Bony fracture
◉ Gladys has begun taking Prolia for osteoporosis. Which of the
following should be included in teaching about this medication?
A. This medication is an oral pill daily.
B. This medication decreases the risk of infection.
C. It is contraindicated in the event of hypocalcemia.
D. A drug holiday every 8 months is recommended.
Answer: C. It is contraindicated in the event of hypocalcemia
◉ Willow is a 67-year-old female and her bone mineral density is
more than 1 SD below the young adult reference mean. What is her
diagnosis?
A. Normal bone mineral density
B. Osteopenia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Severe osteoporosis
Answer: B. Osteopenia
◉ Which of the following statements regarding perimenopause is
false?
a) Menstration stops during peri-menapause
