NURS_231_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY_COMPREHENSIVE_TEST_PAPER_QUESTIONS_AND.pdf

NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS VERIFIED GRADED A+

●● Examples of passive immunity
Answer: IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin,
serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)


●● Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation)
Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L


●● Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid)
Answer: 135-145 mEq/L


●● Calcium value normal range
Answer: 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L


●● Phosphate value normal range
Answer: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL


●● Magnesium value normal range
Answer: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L

,●● Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in
blood)
Answer: 23-30 mEq/L


●● Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L
Answer: hypokalemia


●● Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L
Answer: Hyperkalemia


●● Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L
Answer: hyponatremia / hypernatremia


●● Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L
Answer: hypernatremia


●● condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL
Answer: hypophophatemia


●● Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL
Answer: Hyperphosphatemia

, ●● Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L
Answer: hypochloremia


●● Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L
Answer: Hyperchloremia


●● Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L
Answer: hypomagnesemia


●● Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L
Answer: Hypermagesemia


●● condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL
Answer: hypocalcemia


●● condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL
Answer: hypercalcemia


●● Pathophysiology
Answer: the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living
beings