NUR 2474 PHARMACOLOGY FOR
PROFESSIONAL NURSING REVIEW
SHEET 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ Separation anxiety. Answer: Emotional distress from separation from
caregivers.
◉ Developmental stage. Answer: Child's growth phase influencing
reactions to hospitalization.
◉ Coping skills. Answer: Strategies children use to manage stress.
◉ Loss of control. Answer: Increased stress due to lack of choices.
◉ Infant stress response. Answer: Crying indicates loss of control in
infants.
◉ Toddler stress response. Answer: Flailing and tantrums show loss of
control.
◉ Preschooler stress response. Answer: Crying and fear indicate loss of
control.
,◉ School-age stress response. Answer: Withdrawal and frustration
reflect loss of control.
◉ Adolescent stress response. Answer: Anger and risk-taking behavior
signify loss of control.
◉ Trust vs mistrust. Answer: Erikson's stage focused on caregiver
attachment.
◉ Autonomy vs shame. Answer: Erikson's stage emphasizing
independence in toddlers.
◉ Initiative vs guilt. Answer: Erikson's stage encouraging initiative in
preschoolers.
◉ Industry vs inferiority. Answer: Erikson's stage promoting skills in
school-age children.
◉ Identity vs role confusion. Answer: Erikson's stage focusing on self-
discovery in adolescents.
◉ Isotonic dehydration. Answer: Fluid and electrolyte loss in equal
proportion.
,◉ Hypertonic dehydration. Answer: Fluid loss exceeds sodium loss,
sodium >150.
◉ Hypotonic dehydration. Answer: Sodium loss exceeds fluid loss,
sodium <130.
◉ Clinical manifestations of dehydration. Answer: Signs include skin
color, turgor, and behavior.
◉ Mild dehydration signs. Answer: Alert, normal VS, moist mucosa,
brisk cap refill.
◉ Severe dehydration signs. Answer: Lethargy, pale skin, clammy, weak
pulses.
◉ Fluid output measurement. Answer: Normal urine output is 1-2
ml/kg/hr.
◉ Coping support systems. Answer: Family and cultural background
influence coping.
◉ Child-specific interventions. Answer: Tailored strategies based on
developmental stage.
, ◉ Familiar possessions. Answer: Items that provide comfort during
hospitalization.
◉ Consistent caregiver. Answer: Same caregiver reduces anxiety and
builds trust.
◉ Preparation for hospitalization. Answer: Pre-hospitalization
education reduces anxiety in children.
◉ Atraumatic care. Answer: Therapeutic approach minimizing distress
in children.
◉ Non-threatening environment. Answer: Safe space reducing anxiety
for hospitalized children.
◉ Separation anxiety. Answer: Emotional distress from being apart
from caregivers.
◉ Developmental stage. Answer: Child's growth phase influencing
hospital reactions.
◉ Support systems. Answer: Networks providing emotional and
practical assistance.
PROFESSIONAL NURSING REVIEW
SHEET 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ Separation anxiety. Answer: Emotional distress from separation from
caregivers.
◉ Developmental stage. Answer: Child's growth phase influencing
reactions to hospitalization.
◉ Coping skills. Answer: Strategies children use to manage stress.
◉ Loss of control. Answer: Increased stress due to lack of choices.
◉ Infant stress response. Answer: Crying indicates loss of control in
infants.
◉ Toddler stress response. Answer: Flailing and tantrums show loss of
control.
◉ Preschooler stress response. Answer: Crying and fear indicate loss of
control.
,◉ School-age stress response. Answer: Withdrawal and frustration
reflect loss of control.
◉ Adolescent stress response. Answer: Anger and risk-taking behavior
signify loss of control.
◉ Trust vs mistrust. Answer: Erikson's stage focused on caregiver
attachment.
◉ Autonomy vs shame. Answer: Erikson's stage emphasizing
independence in toddlers.
◉ Initiative vs guilt. Answer: Erikson's stage encouraging initiative in
preschoolers.
◉ Industry vs inferiority. Answer: Erikson's stage promoting skills in
school-age children.
◉ Identity vs role confusion. Answer: Erikson's stage focusing on self-
discovery in adolescents.
◉ Isotonic dehydration. Answer: Fluid and electrolyte loss in equal
proportion.
,◉ Hypertonic dehydration. Answer: Fluid loss exceeds sodium loss,
sodium >150.
◉ Hypotonic dehydration. Answer: Sodium loss exceeds fluid loss,
sodium <130.
◉ Clinical manifestations of dehydration. Answer: Signs include skin
color, turgor, and behavior.
◉ Mild dehydration signs. Answer: Alert, normal VS, moist mucosa,
brisk cap refill.
◉ Severe dehydration signs. Answer: Lethargy, pale skin, clammy, weak
pulses.
◉ Fluid output measurement. Answer: Normal urine output is 1-2
ml/kg/hr.
◉ Coping support systems. Answer: Family and cultural background
influence coping.
◉ Child-specific interventions. Answer: Tailored strategies based on
developmental stage.
, ◉ Familiar possessions. Answer: Items that provide comfort during
hospitalization.
◉ Consistent caregiver. Answer: Same caregiver reduces anxiety and
builds trust.
◉ Preparation for hospitalization. Answer: Pre-hospitalization
education reduces anxiety in children.
◉ Atraumatic care. Answer: Therapeutic approach minimizing distress
in children.
◉ Non-threatening environment. Answer: Safe space reducing anxiety
for hospitalized children.
◉ Separation anxiety. Answer: Emotional distress from being apart
from caregivers.
◉ Developmental stage. Answer: Child's growth phase influencing
hospital reactions.
◉ Support systems. Answer: Networks providing emotional and
practical assistance.
