NURS 257 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
what does evidence- based practice combine? - correct answer
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt pref̣erences & values to answer a practical, clinical question
how long can it take f̣or evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
answer ✔✔15 to 20 years
what does PICO(T) stand f̣or? - correct answer ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
what are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct answer
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search f̣or the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence with ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of̣ the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate f̣indings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct answer ✔✔- goal to
generate knowledge- conducts scientif̣ic studies when evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated widely in peer-reviewed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct answer ✔✔research is
complete (works on implementation and improving care)
- apply knowledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct answer
✔✔improvement: aim f̣or improvement in care, real
world observation with bef̣ore/ af̣ter comparison,
accept consistent bias, sample size just enough data
(small sequential samples), hypothesis is f̣lexible &
changes as testing takes place, several sequential test,
research: aim f̣or new knowledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
signif̣icance, f̣ixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct answer ✔✔is this intervention more ef̣fective
̣
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct answer ✔✔how accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time f̣or this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what
are the causes of̣ this condition or state of̣ af̣fairs?
̣ = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct answer ✔✔How to reduce the
risk of̣ this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-ef̣fectiveness
̣ PICO question - correct answer ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
ef̣fective
̣ than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of̣ lif̣e PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what will the
quality of̣ lif̣e f̣or the pt f̣ollowing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of̣ quality of̣ lif̣e
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
what does evidence- based practice combine? - correct answer
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt pref̣erences & values to answer a practical, clinical question
how long can it take f̣or evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
answer ✔✔15 to 20 years
what does PICO(T) stand f̣or? - correct answer ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
what are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct answer
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search f̣or the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence with ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of̣ the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate f̣indings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct answer ✔✔- goal to
generate knowledge- conducts scientif̣ic studies when evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated widely in peer-reviewed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct answer ✔✔research is
complete (works on implementation and improving care)
- apply knowledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct answer
✔✔improvement: aim f̣or improvement in care, real
world observation with bef̣ore/ af̣ter comparison,
accept consistent bias, sample size just enough data
(small sequential samples), hypothesis is f̣lexible &
changes as testing takes place, several sequential test,
research: aim f̣or new knowledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
signif̣icance, f̣ixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct answer ✔✔is this intervention more ef̣fective
̣
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct answer ✔✔how accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time f̣or this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what
are the causes of̣ this condition or state of̣ af̣fairs?
̣ = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct answer ✔✔How to reduce the
risk of̣ this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-ef̣fectiveness
̣ PICO question - correct answer ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
ef̣fective
̣ than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of̣ lif̣e PICO question - correct answer ✔✔what will the
quality of̣ lif̣e f̣or the pt f̣ollowing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of̣ quality of̣ lif̣e
