JAVA BASIC Q&A | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title: JAVA BASIC.
Programme: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 100
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in
Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not
permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs? Answer: a) In
procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are
executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but
combination of data and code.
b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOP program, it is
accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism? Answer: Encapsulation is the
mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside
interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties
of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general
class actions.
What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization? Answer: - Assignment can be
done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
What is OOPs? Answer: - Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i.
e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be
characterized as data controlling access to code.
What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types? Answer: - Class is a template for
multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object
according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor
is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized when created. Primitive
data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it? Answer: - Object is an instance of a
class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for
inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is
allocated to it.
What is the difference between constructor and method? Answer: Constructor will be
automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
Constructor doesn't have return types and its name must be the same as the Class'
When constructor is invoked, it may invoke the constructors of the super classes.(call stack)
What are methods and how are they defined? Answer: - Methods are functions that operate on
instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using
methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name
of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the
body of the method. A method's signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned
above.
What is the use of bin and lib in JDK? Answer: - Bin contains all tools such as javac,
appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, What is casting? Answer: - Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them? Answer: - An
argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference.
Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the
subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of
the argument) is passed to the parameter.
What is the difference between an argument and a parameter? Answer: - While defining
method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods,
values passed to those variables are called arguments.
What are different types of access modifiers? Answer: - public: Any thing declared as public
can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can't be seen outside of
its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same
package and subclasses in the other packages. default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes
in the same package.
What is final, finalize() and finally? Answer: - final : final keyword can be used for class,
method and variables. A final class cannot be subclassed and it prevents other programmers
from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure methods. A final method can't be overridden.
A final variable can't change from its initialized value. finalize() : finalize() method is used just
before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection. finally : finally, a
key word used in exception handling, creates a block of code that will be executed after a
try/catch block has completed and before the code following the try/catch block. The finally
block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example, if a method opens a file
upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-
handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
What is UNICODE? Answer: - Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and
strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other.
What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly? Answer: - When an object is no longer
referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory used by that object. This is
known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to call it explicitly.
What is finalize() method? Answer: - finalize () method is used just before an object is
destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection.
What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers? Answer: - Transient: The transient modifier applies
to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object's Persistent state. Transient variables are
not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that
the variable modified by volatile can be changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
What is method overloading and method overriding? Answer: - Method overloading: When a
method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title: JAVA BASIC.
Programme: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 100
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in
Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not
permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs? Answer: a) In
procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are
executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but
combination of data and code.
b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOP program, it is
accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism? Answer: Encapsulation is the
mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside
interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties
of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general
class actions.
What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization? Answer: - Assignment can be
done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
What is OOPs? Answer: - Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i.
e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be
characterized as data controlling access to code.
What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types? Answer: - Class is a template for
multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object
according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor
is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized when created. Primitive
data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it? Answer: - Object is an instance of a
class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for
inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is
allocated to it.
What is the difference between constructor and method? Answer: Constructor will be
automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
Constructor doesn't have return types and its name must be the same as the Class'
When constructor is invoked, it may invoke the constructors of the super classes.(call stack)
What are methods and how are they defined? Answer: - Methods are functions that operate on
instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using
methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name
of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the
body of the method. A method's signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned
above.
What is the use of bin and lib in JDK? Answer: - Bin contains all tools such as javac,
appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, What is casting? Answer: - Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them? Answer: - An
argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference.
Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the
subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of
the argument) is passed to the parameter.
What is the difference between an argument and a parameter? Answer: - While defining
method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods,
values passed to those variables are called arguments.
What are different types of access modifiers? Answer: - public: Any thing declared as public
can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can't be seen outside of
its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same
package and subclasses in the other packages. default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes
in the same package.
What is final, finalize() and finally? Answer: - final : final keyword can be used for class,
method and variables. A final class cannot be subclassed and it prevents other programmers
from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure methods. A final method can't be overridden.
A final variable can't change from its initialized value. finalize() : finalize() method is used just
before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection. finally : finally, a
key word used in exception handling, creates a block of code that will be executed after a
try/catch block has completed and before the code following the try/catch block. The finally
block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example, if a method opens a file
upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-
handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
What is UNICODE? Answer: - Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and
strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other.
What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly? Answer: - When an object is no longer
referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory used by that object. This is
known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to call it explicitly.
What is finalize() method? Answer: - finalize () method is used just before an object is
destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection.
What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers? Answer: - Transient: The transient modifier applies
to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object's Persistent state. Transient variables are
not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that
the variable modified by volatile can be changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
What is method overloading and method overriding? Answer: - Method overloading: When a
method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
