COMSAE PHASE 1 FORM 114 Actual EXAM – 358
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES |
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Subject Breakdown
Subject Questions
Pathology 32
Cardiology 32
GI / Nutrition 30
Musculoskeletal 32
Renal 32
Neurology 32
Endocrine 32
Microbiology 32
Immunology 32
Pharmacology 32
Pulmonology 32
Pathology
1. Which cell is responsible for antibody production?
A) Plasma cell
B) Neutrophil
C) T cell
D) Macrophage
✓ Answer: A) Plasma cell
Rationale: Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Cardiology
2. A patient has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. Which variable is most directly increased by arteriolar
vasoconstriction?
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 1
, A) Venous compliance
B) Systemic vascular resistance
C) Pulmonary surfactant
D) Stroke volume only
✓ Answer: B) Systemic vascular resistance
Rationale: Arteriolar radius strongly determines systemic vascular resistance.
GI / Nutrition
3. Which GI hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion?
A) CCK
B) Secretin
C) Gastrin
D) Somatostatin
✓ Answer: A) CCK
Rationale: CCK is released in response to fatty acids and amino acids and stimulates pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder contraction.
Musculoskeletal
4. Which hormone promotes bone resorption when chronically elevated?
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Melatonin
✓ Answer: A) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Chronic PTH elevation increases osteoclast-mediated bone resorption indirectly.
Renal
5. A patient has hyperkalemia, hypotension, and low aldosterone. Which disorder is possible?
A) Primary adrenal insufficiency
B) Hyperaldosteronism
C) SIADH
D) Diabetes insipidus
✓ Answer: A) Primary adrenal insufficiency
Rationale: Adrenal insufficiency can cause mineralocorticoid deficiency, hypotension, and hyperkalemia.
Neurology
6. Which antibody is associated with myasthenia gravis?
A) Anti-ACh receptor
B) Anti-dsDNA
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 2
, C) Anti-CCP
D) Anti-GBM
✓ Answer: A) Anti-ACh receptor
Rationale: Most generalized MG involves antibodies against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors.
7. Which seizure type is characterized by brief staring spells with 3-Hz spike-and-wave activity?
A) Absence seizure
B) Focal seizure with impaired awareness
C) Tonic-clonic seizure
D) Myoclonic seizure only
✓ Answer: A) Absence seizure
Rationale: Typical absence seizures show 3-Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharges.
Renal
8. Which renal cell releases renin in response to decreased renal perfusion pressure?
A) Macula densa cells
B) Juxtaglomerular cells
C) Podocytes
D) Mesangial cells only
✓ Answer: B) Juxtaglomerular cells
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth-muscle cells that release renin.
Endocrine
9. Which hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) LH
D) ADH
✓ Answer: A) Prolactin
Rationale: Prolactin promotes milk synthesis; oxytocin promotes milk ejection.
Renal
10. Which pressure directly opposes glomerular filtration within Bowman's space?
A) Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space
B) Aortic pressure only
C) Pulmonary pressure
D) Venous oxygen pressure
✓ Answer: A) Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space
Rationale: Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure opposes glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure.
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 3
, Endocrine
11. Which hormone increases serum glucose during fasting?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Calcitonin
D) Aldosterone
✓ Answer: A) Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Microbiology
12. Which organism causes a 'strawberry tongue' and sandpaper rash?
A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) S. pneumoniae
C) S. aureus
D) Corynebacterium
✓ Answer: A) Streptococcus pyogenes
Rationale: Scarlet fever is caused by erythrogenic toxin-producing S. pyogenes.
Cardiology
13. In a clinical review question, which statement best supports the diagnosis or physiologic concept described by
this finding: Which drug class improves survival in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction by
blocking angiotensin II effects?
A) ACE inhibitors
B) Loop diuretics
C) Nitrates alone
D) Digoxin
✓ Answer: A) ACE inhibitors
Rationale: The marked option is the best-supported interpretation of the finding described in the stem.
Immunology
14. Which immunoglobulin mediates immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
A) IgE
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgA
✓ Answer: A) IgE
Rationale: IgE binds mast cells and basophils and mediates type I hypersensitivity.
15. In a clinical review question, which statement best supports the diagnosis or physiologic concept described by
this finding: Which immunoglobulin is the major antibody in mucosal secretions?
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES |
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST EXAM UPDATE |
STUVIA VERIFIED | EXAM PREP | STUDY GUIDE |
PRACTICE TEST
Subject Breakdown
Subject Questions
Pathology 32
Cardiology 32
GI / Nutrition 30
Musculoskeletal 32
Renal 32
Neurology 32
Endocrine 32
Microbiology 32
Immunology 32
Pharmacology 32
Pulmonology 32
Pathology
1. Which cell is responsible for antibody production?
A) Plasma cell
B) Neutrophil
C) T cell
D) Macrophage
✓ Answer: A) Plasma cell
Rationale: Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Cardiology
2. A patient has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. Which variable is most directly increased by arteriolar
vasoconstriction?
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 1
, A) Venous compliance
B) Systemic vascular resistance
C) Pulmonary surfactant
D) Stroke volume only
✓ Answer: B) Systemic vascular resistance
Rationale: Arteriolar radius strongly determines systemic vascular resistance.
GI / Nutrition
3. Which GI hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion?
A) CCK
B) Secretin
C) Gastrin
D) Somatostatin
✓ Answer: A) CCK
Rationale: CCK is released in response to fatty acids and amino acids and stimulates pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder contraction.
Musculoskeletal
4. Which hormone promotes bone resorption when chronically elevated?
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Melatonin
✓ Answer: A) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Chronic PTH elevation increases osteoclast-mediated bone resorption indirectly.
Renal
5. A patient has hyperkalemia, hypotension, and low aldosterone. Which disorder is possible?
A) Primary adrenal insufficiency
B) Hyperaldosteronism
C) SIADH
D) Diabetes insipidus
✓ Answer: A) Primary adrenal insufficiency
Rationale: Adrenal insufficiency can cause mineralocorticoid deficiency, hypotension, and hyperkalemia.
Neurology
6. Which antibody is associated with myasthenia gravis?
A) Anti-ACh receptor
B) Anti-dsDNA
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 2
, C) Anti-CCP
D) Anti-GBM
✓ Answer: A) Anti-ACh receptor
Rationale: Most generalized MG involves antibodies against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors.
7. Which seizure type is characterized by brief staring spells with 3-Hz spike-and-wave activity?
A) Absence seizure
B) Focal seizure with impaired awareness
C) Tonic-clonic seizure
D) Myoclonic seizure only
✓ Answer: A) Absence seizure
Rationale: Typical absence seizures show 3-Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharges.
Renal
8. Which renal cell releases renin in response to decreased renal perfusion pressure?
A) Macula densa cells
B) Juxtaglomerular cells
C) Podocytes
D) Mesangial cells only
✓ Answer: B) Juxtaglomerular cells
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth-muscle cells that release renin.
Endocrine
9. Which hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) LH
D) ADH
✓ Answer: A) Prolactin
Rationale: Prolactin promotes milk synthesis; oxytocin promotes milk ejection.
Renal
10. Which pressure directly opposes glomerular filtration within Bowman's space?
A) Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space
B) Aortic pressure only
C) Pulmonary pressure
D) Venous oxygen pressure
✓ Answer: A) Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space
Rationale: Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure opposes glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure.
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 3
, Endocrine
11. Which hormone increases serum glucose during fasting?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Calcitonin
D) Aldosterone
✓ Answer: A) Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Microbiology
12. Which organism causes a 'strawberry tongue' and sandpaper rash?
A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) S. pneumoniae
C) S. aureus
D) Corynebacterium
✓ Answer: A) Streptococcus pyogenes
Rationale: Scarlet fever is caused by erythrogenic toxin-producing S. pyogenes.
Cardiology
13. In a clinical review question, which statement best supports the diagnosis or physiologic concept described by
this finding: Which drug class improves survival in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction by
blocking angiotensin II effects?
A) ACE inhibitors
B) Loop diuretics
C) Nitrates alone
D) Digoxin
✓ Answer: A) ACE inhibitors
Rationale: The marked option is the best-supported interpretation of the finding described in the stem.
Immunology
14. Which immunoglobulin mediates immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
A) IgE
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgA
✓ Answer: A) IgE
Rationale: IgE binds mast cells and basophils and mediates type I hypersensitivity.
15. In a clinical review question, which statement best supports the diagnosis or physiologic concept described by
this finding: Which immunoglobulin is the major antibody in mucosal secretions?
Original practice material — not an official COMSAE exam Page 4
