NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL CORE INTEGRATED
BODY SYSTEM REGULATION AND DISEASE
MECHANISMS REVIEW 2026
◉ Spermatocele.
Answer: -benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis located
between the head of the epididymis and the testis
-milky fluid containing sperm
◉ varicocele.
Answer: -abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord
-bag of worms
◉ testicular torsion.
Answer: -rotation of a testis, twisting blood vessels in spermatic
cord
-causes acute scrotum=testicular pain and swelling
◉ Syphilis.
Answer: *Treponema pallidum*
,-transmission usually occurs in first years of infection
-transmitted through exudate from lesions during small abrasions
during sex
-three stages
-congenital syphilis is spread in utero, usually results in neonatal
death, can be prevented with penicillin.
*stage 1* at the site of invasion
*stage 2* spreads systemically to major organ systems, spontaneous
resolution of lesions
◉ Secondary Syphilis lesions.
Answer: -Condylomata lata- highly contagious, develop on perineum,
vulva, groin on women and inner thigh and anal area on both sexes
-hypertrophied, flat, moist, wart-like or vegetative (cauliflower)
◉ ADH and function in kidney.
Answer: -controls final concentration of urine
-increases water permeability in the last segment of the distal tubule
and along entire length of collecting ducts
-secreted from posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis
◉ megacolon.
Answer: *Hirschsprung disease*
, -functional obstruction of the colon
-common in Downs and other congenital diseases
-failure of neural crest cells to migrate into GI tract.
-neural malformation of PNS
-delayed passage of mec
-poor feeding, poor weight gain, distended abdomen
◉ RDS causes in infants.
Answer: -surfactant deficiency
-prematurity
-it is atelactasis
-decreases between 30 and 36 weeks gestation
◉ most reported side effect of cancer treatment
other symptoms.
Answer: *fatigue*
-anemia, bone density loss, cachexia, GI stuff (oral ulcers,
malabsorption, diarrhea, infection risk), hair loss, skin
breakdown/dryness, infection, infertility, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, lymphedema, pain
◉ shock symptoms in newborns.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL CORE INTEGRATED
BODY SYSTEM REGULATION AND DISEASE
MECHANISMS REVIEW 2026
◉ Spermatocele.
Answer: -benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis located
between the head of the epididymis and the testis
-milky fluid containing sperm
◉ varicocele.
Answer: -abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord
-bag of worms
◉ testicular torsion.
Answer: -rotation of a testis, twisting blood vessels in spermatic
cord
-causes acute scrotum=testicular pain and swelling
◉ Syphilis.
Answer: *Treponema pallidum*
,-transmission usually occurs in first years of infection
-transmitted through exudate from lesions during small abrasions
during sex
-three stages
-congenital syphilis is spread in utero, usually results in neonatal
death, can be prevented with penicillin.
*stage 1* at the site of invasion
*stage 2* spreads systemically to major organ systems, spontaneous
resolution of lesions
◉ Secondary Syphilis lesions.
Answer: -Condylomata lata- highly contagious, develop on perineum,
vulva, groin on women and inner thigh and anal area on both sexes
-hypertrophied, flat, moist, wart-like or vegetative (cauliflower)
◉ ADH and function in kidney.
Answer: -controls final concentration of urine
-increases water permeability in the last segment of the distal tubule
and along entire length of collecting ducts
-secreted from posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis
◉ megacolon.
Answer: *Hirschsprung disease*
, -functional obstruction of the colon
-common in Downs and other congenital diseases
-failure of neural crest cells to migrate into GI tract.
-neural malformation of PNS
-delayed passage of mec
-poor feeding, poor weight gain, distended abdomen
◉ RDS causes in infants.
Answer: -surfactant deficiency
-prematurity
-it is atelactasis
-decreases between 30 and 36 weeks gestation
◉ most reported side effect of cancer treatment
other symptoms.
Answer: *fatigue*
-anemia, bone density loss, cachexia, GI stuff (oral ulcers,
malabsorption, diarrhea, infection risk), hair loss, skin
breakdown/dryness, infection, infertility, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, lymphedema, pain
◉ shock symptoms in newborns.
