NUR 634 MIDTERM EXAMINATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND RATIONALES

NUR 634 MIDTERM EXAMINATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND RATIONALES Question 1 A patient presents with chest pain described as pressure that radiates to the left arm and jaw, worsening with exertion and relieved by rest. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Pulmonary embolism B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease C) Angina pectoris D) Musculoskeletal chest pain E) Pericarditis Correct Answer: C) Angina pectoris Rationale: Angina pectoris is characterized by chest pressure or discomfort that radiates to the left arm and jaw, is precipitated by exertion, and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. This classic presentation reflects myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease . ________________________________________ Question 2 During percussion of the posterior thorax, the provider notes a hyperresonant sound. What condition does this finding most likely indicate? A) Lobar pneumonia B) Pleural effusion C) Pneumothorax D) Lung tumor E) Atelectasis Correct Answer: C) Pneumothorax Rationale: Hyperresonance on percussion indicates increased air in the pleural space, which is characteristic of pneumothorax. Normal lung tissue produces resonance, while dullness suggests consolidation or fluid . ________________________________________ Question 3 A 65-year-old patient reports difficulty reading small print that has gradually worsened over the past few years. What is the medical term for this age-related change? A) Myopia B) Hyperopia C) Presbyopia D) Cataract E) Glaucoma Correct Answer: C) Presbyopia Rationale: Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near vision due to decreased lens elasticity, typically beginning in the early to mid-40s. This hardening of the lens reduces the eye's ability to focus on close objects . ________________________________________ Question 4 A patient reports shortness of breath, cough worsened at night, and audible wheezing upon expiration. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Chronic bronchitis B) Pneumonia C) Asthma D) Congestive heart failure E) Pulmonary embolism Correct Answer: C) Asthma Rationale: The classic triad of asthma includes cough (often nocturnal), dyspnea, and expiratory wheezing. Wheezing results from lower airway narrowing and bronchoconstriction characteristic of an asthma exacerbation. ________________________________________ Question 5 A patient presents with sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye. What is the most concerning diagnosis to consider? A) Presbyopia B) Retinal detachment C) Cataract D) Conjunctivitis E) Glaucoma Correct Answer: B) Retinal detachment Rationale: Sudden, painless unilateral vision loss is a red flag symptom that requires immediate evaluation. Retinal detachment is a vision-threatening emergency that can present with sudden vision loss, often preceded by floaters or flashes . ________________________________________ Question 6 Which lymph nodes are located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle? A) Anterior cervical nodes B) Submandibular nodes C) Posterior cervical nodes D) Preauricular nodes E) Supraclavicular nodes Correct Answer: C) Posterior cervical nodes Rationale: The posterior cervical lymph nodes are located along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These nodes are commonly enlarged in viral infections such as mononucleosis . ________________________________________ Question 7 A patient presents with double vision that resolves when either eye is covered. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected? A) CN I (Olfactory) B) CN II (Optic) C) CN III (Oculomotor) D) CN V (Trigeminal) E) CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) Correct Answer: C) CN III (Oculomotor) Rationale: Binocular diplopia (double vision that resolves when one eye