Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
A colloid is a plasma expander (thicker fluid with protein) that pulls fluid into the bloodstream and may
be given when a patient's blood volume does not improve with crystalloids. Examples of colloid volume
expanders are albumin, dextran, hetastarch, and plasma protein fraction. - (answer)What is a colloid,
and what are some examples?
Isotonic solutions are used to replace fluids lost from severe vomiting/diarrhea, during blood product
transfusions, and for rehydration and hyponatremia. Examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9% NaCl, D5W
in the bag, and lactated ringer solution. - (answer)What are isotonic solutions used for, and what are
some examples?
Hypotonic solutions are used to treat patients with cellular dehydration, hypernatremia, and
DKA/hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. Hypotonic solutions include 0.45% NaCl and already infused D5W. -
(answer)What are hypotonic solutions used for, and what are some examples?
Hypertonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Hypertonic solutions include
mannitol and 3.0% NaCl. - (answer)What are hypertonic solutions used for, and what are some
examples?
-Hypernatremia
-Vomiting
-Hyperglycemia
-Diuretics
-Diarrhea
-Burns
-Hemorrhage
-NG tubes
-Traumatic wounds
-Fever
-Hyperventilation/increased respiratory rate --> insensible (nonmeasurable) fluid loss - (answer)What are
causes of dehydration?
,Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Increased electrolyte levels
-Increased hematocrit
-Increased BUN
-Increased serum osmolality - (answer)What lab test results would we see for dehydration?
-Decreased BP
-Increased HR
-Decreased skin turgor
-Dry skin
-Dry mouth
-Decreased urine output
-Weak pulse
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Thirst
-Confusion
-Rapid weight loss - (answer)What are the s/s of dehydration/fluid volume deficit?
-Restore fluid balance by using fluid replacement either orally or via IV, identifying and treating the
underlying cause, and using drug therapy if needed
-Monitor LOC, weight, urine color, input and output of fluids, VS, and skin assessment
-Prevent injury (ie. risk for falls due to orthostatic hypotension)
-Educate the patient to avoid rapid position changes
-Teach the patient the appropriate diet and fluid intake and how to weigh themselves weekly
-Teach the patient signs of a fluid volume deficit - (answer)What interventions would a nurse take for a
patient with dehydration?
,Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Pitting edema in dependent areas
-Increased HR
-Bounding pulse
-Increased BP
-JVD
-Increased GI motility/diarrhea
-Decreased LOC
-Confusion
-Headache
-Muscle weakness
-Increased RR
-Shallow breathing
-Shortness of breath
-Crackles
-Cool, pale skin
-Enlarged liver
-Rapid weight gain - (answer)What are s/s of fluid overload/fluid volume excess?
-Normal electrolytes at first in an isotonic fluid overload, but decreased electrolytes as the overload gets
worse
-Decreased Hgb/hematocrit
-Decreased protein levels - (answer)What lab results would we see with fluid overload?
-Restore fluid balance with drug therapy (diuretics)
-Nutrition therapy with fluid restrictions and a low Na+ diet
-Monitor VS, weight, and lab values
-Provide supportive care by giving O2 if necessary
, Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Keep the fluid imbalance from getting worse to avoid pulmonary edema, heart failure, and
complications from electrolyte dilution
-Prevent future overload
-Educate the patient on when and how to weigh themselves
-Teach the patient about food labels, so the patient knows where to find the Na+ content and serving
size
-Teach the patient to call the health care provider when they have gained more than 3 lb in a week or
more than 2 lb in a day
-Teach the patient to properly take diuretics - (answer)What interventions would a nurse take for a
patient with fluid overload?
-Na+ levels
-K+ levels
-Cl- levels
-CO2 levels
-BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels
-Cr (creatinine) levels
-Glucose levels
-Ca 2+ levels - (answer)What does a basic metabolic panel (BMP) include?
-WBCs (indicate infection/inflammation)
-Platelets (important for clotting)
-Hgb
-Hematocrit - (answer)What does a complete blood count (CBC) include?
-Na+ = 136-145
-K+ = 3.5-5.0
-Ca 2+ = 9.0-10.5
correct answers 100% 2026
A colloid is a plasma expander (thicker fluid with protein) that pulls fluid into the bloodstream and may
be given when a patient's blood volume does not improve with crystalloids. Examples of colloid volume
expanders are albumin, dextran, hetastarch, and plasma protein fraction. - (answer)What is a colloid,
and what are some examples?
Isotonic solutions are used to replace fluids lost from severe vomiting/diarrhea, during blood product
transfusions, and for rehydration and hyponatremia. Examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9% NaCl, D5W
in the bag, and lactated ringer solution. - (answer)What are isotonic solutions used for, and what are
some examples?
Hypotonic solutions are used to treat patients with cellular dehydration, hypernatremia, and
DKA/hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. Hypotonic solutions include 0.45% NaCl and already infused D5W. -
(answer)What are hypotonic solutions used for, and what are some examples?
Hypertonic solutions are used to treat hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Hypertonic solutions include
mannitol and 3.0% NaCl. - (answer)What are hypertonic solutions used for, and what are some
examples?
-Hypernatremia
-Vomiting
-Hyperglycemia
-Diuretics
-Diarrhea
-Burns
-Hemorrhage
-NG tubes
-Traumatic wounds
-Fever
-Hyperventilation/increased respiratory rate --> insensible (nonmeasurable) fluid loss - (answer)What are
causes of dehydration?
,Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Increased electrolyte levels
-Increased hematocrit
-Increased BUN
-Increased serum osmolality - (answer)What lab test results would we see for dehydration?
-Decreased BP
-Increased HR
-Decreased skin turgor
-Dry skin
-Dry mouth
-Decreased urine output
-Weak pulse
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Thirst
-Confusion
-Rapid weight loss - (answer)What are the s/s of dehydration/fluid volume deficit?
-Restore fluid balance by using fluid replacement either orally or via IV, identifying and treating the
underlying cause, and using drug therapy if needed
-Monitor LOC, weight, urine color, input and output of fluids, VS, and skin assessment
-Prevent injury (ie. risk for falls due to orthostatic hypotension)
-Educate the patient to avoid rapid position changes
-Teach the patient the appropriate diet and fluid intake and how to weigh themselves weekly
-Teach the patient signs of a fluid volume deficit - (answer)What interventions would a nurse take for a
patient with dehydration?
,Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Pitting edema in dependent areas
-Increased HR
-Bounding pulse
-Increased BP
-JVD
-Increased GI motility/diarrhea
-Decreased LOC
-Confusion
-Headache
-Muscle weakness
-Increased RR
-Shallow breathing
-Shortness of breath
-Crackles
-Cool, pale skin
-Enlarged liver
-Rapid weight gain - (answer)What are s/s of fluid overload/fluid volume excess?
-Normal electrolytes at first in an isotonic fluid overload, but decreased electrolytes as the overload gets
worse
-Decreased Hgb/hematocrit
-Decreased protein levels - (answer)What lab results would we see with fluid overload?
-Restore fluid balance with drug therapy (diuretics)
-Nutrition therapy with fluid restrictions and a low Na+ diet
-Monitor VS, weight, and lab values
-Provide supportive care by giving O2 if necessary
, Acute Transitional Care (NURB 290) Final Exam Study Guide DRAFT with
correct answers 100% 2026
-Keep the fluid imbalance from getting worse to avoid pulmonary edema, heart failure, and
complications from electrolyte dilution
-Prevent future overload
-Educate the patient on when and how to weigh themselves
-Teach the patient about food labels, so the patient knows where to find the Na+ content and serving
size
-Teach the patient to call the health care provider when they have gained more than 3 lb in a week or
more than 2 lb in a day
-Teach the patient to properly take diuretics - (answer)What interventions would a nurse take for a
patient with fluid overload?
-Na+ levels
-K+ levels
-Cl- levels
-CO2 levels
-BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels
-Cr (creatinine) levels
-Glucose levels
-Ca 2+ levels - (answer)What does a basic metabolic panel (BMP) include?
-WBCs (indicate infection/inflammation)
-Platelets (important for clotting)
-Hgb
-Hematocrit - (answer)What does a complete blood count (CBC) include?
-Na+ = 136-145
-K+ = 3.5-5.0
-Ca 2+ = 9.0-10.5
