Campbell Biology in Focus (3rd Edition) - Chapter 4 Exam Prep
Cytosol Fluid portion of cytoplasm
Chromosomes Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Nucleoid Non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is
concentrated
Cytoplasm Interior of either type of cell
Plasma membrane Selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
that allows oxygen, nutrients, wastes passage
Microvilli Projections that increase the cell's surface area
Nucleus Center of a eukaryotic cell that contains most of the genes, which directs
protein synthesis
Nuclear envelope A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell that separates it
from the cytoplasm
Nuclear lamina Netlike array of protein filaments (in animal cells, called intermediate filaments)
that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear
envelope
Histones Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
Chromatin Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly
coiled around histones
, Campbell Biology in Focus (3rd Edition) - Chapter 4 Exam Prep
Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Ribosomes Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein
synthesis
Free ribosomes Ribosomes suspended in the cytosol
Bound ribosomes Ribosomes attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear
envelope
Endomembrane system Network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either
through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles;
carries out synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins, metabolism, movement
of lipids, detoxification; consists of the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles,
vacuoles
Vesicles Sacs made of membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Extensive network of membranes that accounts for over half the total
membrane in many eukaryotic cells, consists of cisternae, and separates the
internal compartment of the ER, called the ER lumen from the cytosol
Cytosol Fluid portion of cytoplasm
Chromosomes Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Nucleoid Non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is
concentrated
Cytoplasm Interior of either type of cell
Plasma membrane Selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
that allows oxygen, nutrients, wastes passage
Microvilli Projections that increase the cell's surface area
Nucleus Center of a eukaryotic cell that contains most of the genes, which directs
protein synthesis
Nuclear envelope A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell that separates it
from the cytoplasm
Nuclear lamina Netlike array of protein filaments (in animal cells, called intermediate filaments)
that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear
envelope
Histones Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
Chromatin Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly
coiled around histones
, Campbell Biology in Focus (3rd Edition) - Chapter 4 Exam Prep
Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Ribosomes Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein
synthesis
Free ribosomes Ribosomes suspended in the cytosol
Bound ribosomes Ribosomes attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear
envelope
Endomembrane system Network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either
through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles;
carries out synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins, metabolism, movement
of lipids, detoxification; consists of the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles,
vacuoles
Vesicles Sacs made of membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Extensive network of membranes that accounts for over half the total
membrane in many eukaryotic cells, consists of cisternae, and separates the
internal compartment of the ER, called the ER lumen from the cytosol
