Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Exam
Biosphere The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
ecosystems.
Ecosystems All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they
interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them
Community All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations
of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Population A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and
interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Organism a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that
has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature
Organs A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of
tissues.
Organ Systems A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Tissues An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both. Ex.
muscle or nervous
Organelles Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions,
suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute structures, crucial functional
components of cells (cellulose, plasma membrane)
Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Negative Feedback A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process
slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of homeostasis,
whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial
change.
Positive Feedback A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that
process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable
triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
, Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Exam
Adaptation Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and
reproduction in a specific environment.
Inductive Reasoning Induction moves from a set of specific observations (humans require organic
molecules, fish require organic molecules) to reach a general conclusion (all
animals require organic molecules
Data Recorded observations.
Hypothesis A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data
and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a
theory.
Deductive Reasoning A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.
Controlled Experiment An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control
group that varies only in the factor being tested.
Dependent Variable It is something that depends on other factors.
Independent Variable It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you
are trying to measure.
Theory An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new
hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? 1. Order
2. Regulation
3. Energy Processing
4. Evolutionary Adaptation
5. Response to the Environment
6. Reproduction
7. Growth and Development
Metabolism The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and
anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the
organism.
Biosphere The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
ecosystems.
Ecosystems All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they
interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them
Community All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations
of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Population A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and
interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Organism a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that
has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature
Organs A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of
tissues.
Organ Systems A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Tissues An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both. Ex.
muscle or nervous
Organelles Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions,
suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute structures, crucial functional
components of cells (cellulose, plasma membrane)
Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Negative Feedback A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process
slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of homeostasis,
whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial
change.
Positive Feedback A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that
process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable
triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
, Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Exam
Adaptation Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and
reproduction in a specific environment.
Inductive Reasoning Induction moves from a set of specific observations (humans require organic
molecules, fish require organic molecules) to reach a general conclusion (all
animals require organic molecules
Data Recorded observations.
Hypothesis A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data
and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a
theory.
Deductive Reasoning A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.
Controlled Experiment An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control
group that varies only in the factor being tested.
Dependent Variable It is something that depends on other factors.
Independent Variable It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you
are trying to measure.
Theory An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new
hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
What are the 7 Characteristics of Life? 1. Order
2. Regulation
3. Energy Processing
4. Evolutionary Adaptation
5. Response to the Environment
6. Reproduction
7. Growth and Development
Metabolism The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and
anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the
organism.
