BC-ADM EXAM CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
TESTED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ clinical signs of HHS.
Answer: polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt loss, hypothermia,
hypotension, tachycardia, altered sensorium
◉ treatment for HHS.
Answer: labs (especially K+), rehydrate, correct glucose (insulin),
correct lytes
◉ resolution of HHS.
Answer: pH 7.3+, bicarb 18+, glucose less than 250, osmolality less
than 300, urine output .5mg/kg/hr, improved cognition
◉ DKA and hyperglycemic crisis.
Answer: type 1 in youth, highest in persons <45, often a cry for help
◉ DKA.
Answer: profound insulin deficiency; accounts for 14% of all
hospital admits for T1; in young people accounts for 50% all admits;
16% DM related fatalities; incidence ~2 episodes per 100 pt years of
DM
,◉ DKA precipitating factors.
Answer: 40% illness and infection; 25% inadequate insulin dosage;
emotional stress (especially with teens, neglect, mismanagement);
disordered eating; pregnancy; hyperglycemia inducing meds; insulin
omission (fear of hypo or wt gain); stress; can't afford insulin; drug
use
◉ DKA labs/presentation.
Answer: glucose 200+, osmolality 300+, dehydration, ph<7.3, beta-
hydoxybutyrate (3 mmol/L+), 2+ ketones in urine, bicarb less than
18
◉ DKA clinical signs.
Answer: polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt loss, N/V/abd pain, ileus,
kussmaul breathing, acetone breath, hypothermia, tachypnea,
tachycardia, altered sensorium
◉ SGLT-2 inhibitor.
Answer: when combined with insulin, what med increases risk of
DKA in T1DM and T2DM?
◉ SGLT-2 inhibitor meds.
Answer: farxiga, jardiance, steglatro, brenzavvy, invokana
, ◉ Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer: BG 200+, uncommon complication associated with surgery,
pregnancy, anorexia, gastroparesis, fasting, alcohol use disorder,
SGLT-2 inhibitors, pancreatitis, surgery, infection, cirrhosis
◉ EDKA mechanism.
Answer: secondary to carb deficit resulting in generalized decreased
serum insulin and excess counter regulatory hormones like
glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol; increased glucagon/insulin
ratio leads to increased lipolysis, increased free fatty acids, and
ketoacidosis
◉ lower.
Answer: EDKA is more common in those with _______ BMI and
decreased glycogen stores.
◉ signs and symptoms of EDKA.
Answer: N/V, SOB, generalized malaise, lethargy, loss of appetite,
fatigue, abd pain (NOT polydipsia or polyuria)
◉ labs for EDKA.
Answer: pH less than 7.3, serum bicarb less than 18, beta-
hydroxybutyrate 3+, urine ketones 2+, BG 200+
TESTED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ clinical signs of HHS.
Answer: polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt loss, hypothermia,
hypotension, tachycardia, altered sensorium
◉ treatment for HHS.
Answer: labs (especially K+), rehydrate, correct glucose (insulin),
correct lytes
◉ resolution of HHS.
Answer: pH 7.3+, bicarb 18+, glucose less than 250, osmolality less
than 300, urine output .5mg/kg/hr, improved cognition
◉ DKA and hyperglycemic crisis.
Answer: type 1 in youth, highest in persons <45, often a cry for help
◉ DKA.
Answer: profound insulin deficiency; accounts for 14% of all
hospital admits for T1; in young people accounts for 50% all admits;
16% DM related fatalities; incidence ~2 episodes per 100 pt years of
DM
,◉ DKA precipitating factors.
Answer: 40% illness and infection; 25% inadequate insulin dosage;
emotional stress (especially with teens, neglect, mismanagement);
disordered eating; pregnancy; hyperglycemia inducing meds; insulin
omission (fear of hypo or wt gain); stress; can't afford insulin; drug
use
◉ DKA labs/presentation.
Answer: glucose 200+, osmolality 300+, dehydration, ph<7.3, beta-
hydoxybutyrate (3 mmol/L+), 2+ ketones in urine, bicarb less than
18
◉ DKA clinical signs.
Answer: polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, wt loss, N/V/abd pain, ileus,
kussmaul breathing, acetone breath, hypothermia, tachypnea,
tachycardia, altered sensorium
◉ SGLT-2 inhibitor.
Answer: when combined with insulin, what med increases risk of
DKA in T1DM and T2DM?
◉ SGLT-2 inhibitor meds.
Answer: farxiga, jardiance, steglatro, brenzavvy, invokana
, ◉ Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer: BG 200+, uncommon complication associated with surgery,
pregnancy, anorexia, gastroparesis, fasting, alcohol use disorder,
SGLT-2 inhibitors, pancreatitis, surgery, infection, cirrhosis
◉ EDKA mechanism.
Answer: secondary to carb deficit resulting in generalized decreased
serum insulin and excess counter regulatory hormones like
glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol; increased glucagon/insulin
ratio leads to increased lipolysis, increased free fatty acids, and
ketoacidosis
◉ lower.
Answer: EDKA is more common in those with _______ BMI and
decreased glycogen stores.
◉ signs and symptoms of EDKA.
Answer: N/V, SOB, generalized malaise, lethargy, loss of appetite,
fatigue, abd pain (NOT polydipsia or polyuria)
◉ labs for EDKA.
Answer: pH less than 7.3, serum bicarb less than 18, beta-
hydroxybutyrate 3+, urine ketones 2+, BG 200+
