W9L1 CHF/Therapeutics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i4p851
1. What is heart failure and its main causes? Inability of the heart to
pump enough blood due
to impaired filling or ejec-
tion
2. What causes left ventricular dysfunction leading to Ischemic, dilated, restric-
heart failure? tive, or hypertrophic car-
diomyopathy
3. What causes valvular-related heart failure? Valvular stenosis or regur-
gitation
4. What causes right ventricular dysfunction leading to Pulmonary HTN or right
heart failure? ventricular infarction
5. What diseases and lesions can cause heart failure? Disease: Cardiac tampon-
ade or pericarditis
Obstructive lesions:
Atrial myxoma or pul-
monary vein stenosis
6. What are the ejection fraction categories of heart fail- HFrEF <40%
ure? HFmrEF 41-49%
HFpEF >50%
7. How is heart failure classified? ACC/AHA stages (A-D) for
progression
NYHA classes (I-IV) for
symptom severity
, W9L1 CHF/Therapeutics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i4p851
8. What is the general epidemiology of heart failure? Common worldwide
Lifetime risk ~1 in 5
Prevalence ‘with age
High morbidity and mor-
tality w frequent hospi-
talizations, esp in older
adults
9. What did the Framingham Heart Study show? Most HF cases <50 yo in
Black participants, show-
ing racial disparity in ear-
ly-onset HF
10. What are the main symptoms of heart failure? Dyspnea, edema, ascites,
fatigue, and weakness
from fluid overload and “
CO
11.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i4p851
1. What is heart failure and its main causes? Inability of the heart to
pump enough blood due
to impaired filling or ejec-
tion
2. What causes left ventricular dysfunction leading to Ischemic, dilated, restric-
heart failure? tive, or hypertrophic car-
diomyopathy
3. What causes valvular-related heart failure? Valvular stenosis or regur-
gitation
4. What causes right ventricular dysfunction leading to Pulmonary HTN or right
heart failure? ventricular infarction
5. What diseases and lesions can cause heart failure? Disease: Cardiac tampon-
ade or pericarditis
Obstructive lesions:
Atrial myxoma or pul-
monary vein stenosis
6. What are the ejection fraction categories of heart fail- HFrEF <40%
ure? HFmrEF 41-49%
HFpEF >50%
7. How is heart failure classified? ACC/AHA stages (A-D) for
progression
NYHA classes (I-IV) for
symptom severity
, W9L1 CHF/Therapeutics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i4p851
8. What is the general epidemiology of heart failure? Common worldwide
Lifetime risk ~1 in 5
Prevalence ‘with age
High morbidity and mor-
tality w frequent hospi-
talizations, esp in older
adults
9. What did the Framingham Heart Study show? Most HF cases <50 yo in
Black participants, show-
ing racial disparity in ear-
ly-onset HF
10. What are the main symptoms of heart failure? Dyspnea, edema, ascites,
fatigue, and weakness
from fluid overload and “
CO
11.
