ENPC COMPREHENSIVE PEDIATRIC
EMERGENCY NURSING REVIEW GUIDE
◉ A major source of climate change assessments is the IPCC whose
full name is:
Answer: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
◉ Normal precipitation in the NC Piedmont and Coastal Plain ranges
between:
Answer: 40-50 in.
◉ The isotopes of oxygen differ in the number of _____________ in their
nucleus.
Answer: neutrons
◉ Reliable records of air temperature measurements go back about
200 years. To estimate temperatures older than 200 years we have
to use proxies that allow us to estimate temperature from them.
Examples of proxies include:
- Oxygen isotopes
- Stomata in fossil leaves
- Tree rings
- Pollen
,- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
◉ Oxygen isotopes are used to estimate temperatures of the past.
The ratio of 18O to 16O (18O/16O) is measured as a proxy for
temperature. During colder periods the ratio of 18O/16O in ocean
water is larger than in warmer periods because:
Answer: More 16O is locked up in ice on land.
◉ As the Earth cooled over time, glaciers formed and advanced into
the U.S. from Canada. This occurred during the ________________ epoch.
Answer: Pleistocene
◉ Glaciers are slowly moving sheets of ice. Evidence on the land
shows they advanced or grew, and then melted back at least five
times over the last million years or so. One theory for their advance
and retreat is referred to as the Milankovitch Cycles which are used
to explain how the earth could cool and then warm up again in
cycles. The reason(s) for the cooling and warming are:
- The gravitational pull of Jupiter and Saturn on the Earth which
pulls it further from the sun.
- Wobbling or movement of the Earth's axis of rotation caused by
tidal forces from the sun.
- A change in the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation toward the sun
which produces hotter summers and colder winters.
,- All of the above
- A and B above
Answer: all of the above
◉ Temperature anomalies are used to summarize temperature data
from around the world. Anomalies are calculated for individual
weather stations on a given day by subtracting the temperature on
that day from:
Answer: a baseline of average temperature determined over a
number of years from the same station for the day in question
◉ El Nino events occur periodically when the winds blowing
westward across the ocean have become weaker or changed
direction. When these events occur the water off the west coast of
South America becomes _______________.
Answer: warmer
◉ Sea level is rising as global temperatures rise. The causes of sea
level rise include the melting of ice sheets as well as glaciers.
Another and potentially larger cause of sea level rise is:
Answer: water expands on warming
◉ NC is comprised of major land regions that formed by different
geological processes. The land region formed as a result of high sea
levels is the:
, Answer: coastal plain
◉ The sun emits radiation in the visible range while the Earth emits
radiation in the infrared range. This is because:
Answer: the sun is hotter than the earth
◉ T/F: Water vapor is the greenhouse gas that absorbs more
wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation than any other
greenhouse gas.
true
Answer: true
◉ What are the major greenhouse gases?
Answer: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
◉ Energy balance models for the Earth have shown that the amount
of incoming energy from the sun is slightly greater than the amount
of energy re-emitted back into space. As a result the Earth is
warming. Where is most of the excess energy being stored?
Answer: ocean
◉ The Earth's surface receives from the sun approximately 161 Wm-
2 of energy that passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by
land or water. It also receives an amount of radiation from the
EMERGENCY NURSING REVIEW GUIDE
◉ A major source of climate change assessments is the IPCC whose
full name is:
Answer: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
◉ Normal precipitation in the NC Piedmont and Coastal Plain ranges
between:
Answer: 40-50 in.
◉ The isotopes of oxygen differ in the number of _____________ in their
nucleus.
Answer: neutrons
◉ Reliable records of air temperature measurements go back about
200 years. To estimate temperatures older than 200 years we have
to use proxies that allow us to estimate temperature from them.
Examples of proxies include:
- Oxygen isotopes
- Stomata in fossil leaves
- Tree rings
- Pollen
,- All of the above
Answer: All of the above
◉ Oxygen isotopes are used to estimate temperatures of the past.
The ratio of 18O to 16O (18O/16O) is measured as a proxy for
temperature. During colder periods the ratio of 18O/16O in ocean
water is larger than in warmer periods because:
Answer: More 16O is locked up in ice on land.
◉ As the Earth cooled over time, glaciers formed and advanced into
the U.S. from Canada. This occurred during the ________________ epoch.
Answer: Pleistocene
◉ Glaciers are slowly moving sheets of ice. Evidence on the land
shows they advanced or grew, and then melted back at least five
times over the last million years or so. One theory for their advance
and retreat is referred to as the Milankovitch Cycles which are used
to explain how the earth could cool and then warm up again in
cycles. The reason(s) for the cooling and warming are:
- The gravitational pull of Jupiter and Saturn on the Earth which
pulls it further from the sun.
- Wobbling or movement of the Earth's axis of rotation caused by
tidal forces from the sun.
- A change in the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation toward the sun
which produces hotter summers and colder winters.
,- All of the above
- A and B above
Answer: all of the above
◉ Temperature anomalies are used to summarize temperature data
from around the world. Anomalies are calculated for individual
weather stations on a given day by subtracting the temperature on
that day from:
Answer: a baseline of average temperature determined over a
number of years from the same station for the day in question
◉ El Nino events occur periodically when the winds blowing
westward across the ocean have become weaker or changed
direction. When these events occur the water off the west coast of
South America becomes _______________.
Answer: warmer
◉ Sea level is rising as global temperatures rise. The causes of sea
level rise include the melting of ice sheets as well as glaciers.
Another and potentially larger cause of sea level rise is:
Answer: water expands on warming
◉ NC is comprised of major land regions that formed by different
geological processes. The land region formed as a result of high sea
levels is the:
, Answer: coastal plain
◉ The sun emits radiation in the visible range while the Earth emits
radiation in the infrared range. This is because:
Answer: the sun is hotter than the earth
◉ T/F: Water vapor is the greenhouse gas that absorbs more
wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation than any other
greenhouse gas.
true
Answer: true
◉ What are the major greenhouse gases?
Answer: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
◉ Energy balance models for the Earth have shown that the amount
of incoming energy from the sun is slightly greater than the amount
of energy re-emitted back into space. As a result the Earth is
warming. Where is most of the excess energy being stored?
Answer: ocean
◉ The Earth's surface receives from the sun approximately 161 Wm-
2 of energy that passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by
land or water. It also receives an amount of radiation from the
