EMS 1055 UF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PROTOCOLS MODULE EXAM QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
GUIDE 2026
◉ carotid pulse
Answer: the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
◉ femoral pulse
Answer: Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
◉ brachial pulse
Answer: the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
◉ radial pulse
Answer: the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80
systolic.
,◉ pedal pulse
Answer: The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood
pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
◉ types of shock
Answer: cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
◉ shock
Answer: lack of perfusion at the cellular level
◉ general signs and symptoms of shock
Answer: -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
,◉ general treatment in shock
Answer: -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
◉ cardiogenic shock
Answer: -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
◉ cardiogenic shock treatment
Answer: -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
◉ neurogenic shock
, Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation;
seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
◉ septic shock
Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
PROTOCOLS MODULE EXAM QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
GUIDE 2026
◉ carotid pulse
Answer: the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
◉ femoral pulse
Answer: Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
◉ brachial pulse
Answer: the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
◉ radial pulse
Answer: the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80
systolic.
,◉ pedal pulse
Answer: The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood
pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
◉ types of shock
Answer: cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
◉ shock
Answer: lack of perfusion at the cellular level
◉ general signs and symptoms of shock
Answer: -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
,◉ general treatment in shock
Answer: -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
◉ cardiogenic shock
Answer: -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
◉ cardiogenic shock treatment
Answer: -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
◉ neurogenic shock
, Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation;
seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
◉ septic shock
Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
