The predominant anterior pituitary hormone that The correct response is B. FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland to
orchestrates the menstrual cycle is initiate the development of the ovarian follicles and the secretion of estrogen within
a. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). the ovarian cycle. A is incorrect: TSH stimulates the thyroid gland and plays a
b. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). limited role in the menstrual cycle. C is incorrect: CRH is released from the
c. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). hypothalamus, not the anterior pituitary gland. D is incorrect: GnRH is released from
d. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
gland.
Which glands are located on either side of the female The correct response is C. Skene's glands are located close to the urethral opening
urethra and secrete mucus to keep the opening moist and and secrete mucus and lubricate during urination and sexual intercourse. A is
lubricated for urination? incorrect: Cowper's glands are located on either side of the male urethra, not the
a. Cowper female urethra. B is incorrect: Bartholin's glands are located on either side of the
b. Bartholin vaginal opening and secrete alkaline mucus that enhances the viability of the male
c. Skene sperm. D is incorrect: seminal glands are pouch-like structures at the base of the
d. Seminal male urinary bladder that secrete an alkaline fluid to enhance the viability of the
male sperm.
What event occurs during the proliferative phase of the The correct response is B. Under the influence of estrogen, the uterine lining
menstrual cycle? (endometrium) thickens and grows in preparation for the implantation of a
a. Menstrual flow starts conceptus if that occurs or to be sloughed off during the menses.
b. Endometrium thickens
c. Ovulation occurs
d. Progesterone secretion peaks
Which hormone is produced in high levels to prepare the The correct response is D. Progesterone is the dominant hormone after ovulation to
endometrium for implantation just after ovulation by the prepare the endometrium for implantation. A is incorrect: estrogen levels decline
corpus luteum? after ovulation, since it assists in the maturation of the ovarian follicles before
a. Estrogen ovulation. Estrogen levels are highest during the proliferative phase of the
b. Prostaglandins menstrual cycle. B is incorrect: prostaglandin production increases during the
c. Prolactin follicular maturation and is essential during ovulation but not after ovulation. C is
d. Progesterone incorrect: prolactin is inhibited by the high levels of estrogen and progesterone
during pregnancy; when their levels decline at birth, an increase in prolactin takes
place to promote lactation
Sperm maturation and storage in the male reproductive The correct response is C. The function of the epididymis is to store and mature
system occur in the sperm until ejaculation occurs. A is incorrect: the testes manufacture sperm and
a. testes. send them to the epididymis for storage and continued maturation. B is incorrect:
b. vas deferens. the main function of the vas deferens is to rapidly squeeze the sperm from their
c. epididymis. storage site (epididymis) into the urethra. D is incorrect: the function of the seminal
d. seminal vesicles vesicles is to secrete an alkaline fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins to help
provide an environment favorable to sperm motility and metabolism.
The nurse is preparing to teach a class to a group of The correct response is C because vasomotor symptoms of menopause are usually
middle-aged women regarding the most common described as night sweats and hot flashes. Vasomotor symptoms are the most
vasomotor symptoms experienced during menopause and commonly reported menopausal symptoms by women. These symptoms are
possible modalities of treatment available. Which are associated with estrogen deficiency. Frequently, these symptoms can be controlled
common vasomotor symptoms? by lifestyle changes. Response A is incorrect as these symptoms are not directly
a. Chronic fatigue and confusion related to menopause and can be associated with numerous other etiologies such
b. Forgetfulness and irritability as anemia or dementia. Response B is incorrect because they may be underlining
c. Night sweats and hot flashes symptoms of a variety of other pathologies such as stroke, sleep deficiency, or early
d. Decrease in sexual response and appetite Alzheimer disease. Response D is incorrect due to the fact that the hormone
testosterone has more influence over sexual drive and response, but falling levels of
estrogen may be associated indirectly. A decrease in appetite is not directly related
to menopause and may be caused by a variety of other factors.
, Maternity Exam 1 - Chapter Q&A - Chapter 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20 Exam
The school nurse was asked to speak to a 10th-grade A. How should the nurse respond to this question? The nurse should respond by
biology class about menstruation. The teacher felt that the explaining to the student that conception is achieved only during the time of
students did not understand this monthly event and ovulation, which occurs at midcycle and not during menstruation. Further
wanted the nurse to dispel some myths about it. After the explanation might outline the phases of the menstrual cycle and how each phase
nurse explains the factors influencing the menses, one girl contributes to the preparation of the endometrial lining if conception were to take
asks, "Could someone get pregnant if she has sex during place. If conception does not occur, sloughing of the prepared endometrial lining
her period?" a. How should the nurse respond to this takes place, and this is what is shed during menstruation.
question? b. What factor regarding the menstrual cycle
was not clarified? c. What additional topics might this B. What factor regarding the menstrual cycle was not clarified? The student
question lead to that might be discussed? apparently did not understand the concept of ovulation and the potential uniting of
sperm and ovum. At ovulation, bodily changes occur that assist the sperm to
impregnate the ovum that was released from the ovary. It is only during this
midcycle period that the sperm can find the ovum and begin a pregnancy.
C. What additional topics might this question lead to that might be discussed?
Sexually transmitted infections and barrier protection; abstinence until marriage and
personal responsibility; responsibilities and outcomes of becoming a young parent;
self-esteem and taking pride in their bodies; future educational and career goals
Should sex education be taught in public schools, and if This answer will vary depending on which website the student selects and which
so, what topics should be addressed? Debate the pros and topic of interest he or she researches. With luck, a variety of topics will be presented
cons of teaching this, and outline which topics should be and lend themselves to a lively class discussion.
covered.
Respond to the following as a topic sentence: "When I was Responses will be individualized, not generalized.
growing up, talking about sexual matters with my parents
was _____ because ______. Now the situation is ______."
List the predominant hormones and their functions in the The predominant hormones involved in the menstrual cycle are gonadotropin-
menstrual cycle. releasing hormone (GnRH), which is responsible for reproductive hormone control
and timing of the cycle; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the
ovary to produce estrogen and follicles in the ovary that will mature; luteinizing
hormone (LH), which induces the mature ovum to burst from the ovary and
stimulate production of corpus luteum; estrogen, which induces growth and
thickening of the endometrial lining; progesterone, which prepares the endometrial
lining for implantation; and prostaglandins, which help to free the mature ovum
inside the Graafian follicle.
The ovarian cycle describes the series of events ovum or ova
associated with the development of the _____________
within the ovaries.
Sperm cells and the male hormone testosterone are made The correct responses are F (testes) and G (seminiferous tubules). Sperm is
in which structures? produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. A is incorrect: the vas deferens
Select all that apply. is a cord-like duct that transports sperm from the epididymis and has no role in
a. Vas deferens making sperm cells. B is incorrect: the penis is the organ for copulation and serves
b. Penis as the outlet for sperm, but it plays no role in the manufacture of sperm cells or
c. Scrotum testosterone. C is incorrect: the scrotum serves as the climate control system for the
d. Ejaculatory ducts testes to allow for normal sperm development, but it plays
e. Prostate gland no direct role in their manufacture. D is incorrect: the ejaculatory ducts secrete fluids
f. Testes to help nourish the sperm, but do not play a part in their development. E is incorrect:
g. Seminiferous tubules the prostate gland produces fluid that nourishes the sperm but does not participate
h. Bulbourethral glands in the production of sperm cells. H is incorrect: the bulbourethral glands (Cowper
glands) secrete a mucus-like fluid that provides lubrication during the sex act.
A couple is considered infertile after how many months of The correct response is B. The definition of infertility is the inability of a couple to
trying to conceive? conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. A is incorrect: 6 months
a. 6 months is not long enough to diagnose infertility in a couple not using birth control. C is
b. 12 months incorrect: 18 months is 6 months beyond the time needed to diagnose infertility
c. 18 months based on the definition. D is incorrect: 24 months is double the time needed to
d. 24 months diagnose infertility
, Maternity Exam 1 - Chapter Q&A - Chapter 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20 Exam
A couple reports that the condom broke while they were The correct response is B. If EC is taken within 72 hours after unprotected sexual
having sexual intercourse last night. What would you intercourse, pregnancy will be prevented by inhibiting implantation. The next
advise to prevent pregnancy? morning would still afford time to take EC and not become pregnant. A is incorrect: it
a. Inject a spermicidal agent into the woman's vagina would be too late to use a spermicidal agent to prevent pregnancy, since the sperm
immediately. has already traveled up into the female reproductive tract. C is incorrect: douching
b. Obtain emergency contraceptives and take them with vinegar and hot water 24 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse will not
immediately. change the course of events; by then it is too late to prevent a pregnancy, and this
c. Douche with a solution of vinegar and hot water tonight. combination would not be effective anyway. D is incorrect :a laxative will stimulate
d. Take a strong laxative now and again at bedtime. the gastrointestinal tract to produce defecation but will not disturb the reproductive
tract, where fertilization takes place.
Which combination contraceptive has been approved for The correct response is A. Seasonale is one of several FDA-approved long-term
extended continuous use? oral contraceptives that is packaged to provide 84 days of continuous protection.
a. Seasonale Although any oral contraceptive can be taken continuously, the FDA has not
b. Triphasil approved this, and it would be considered an "off-label" use. B is incorrect: this
c. Ortho Evra product has not gained FDA approval for continuous use; it is to be left in 3 weeks
d. Mirena and then removed for 1 week to create monthly cycles. C is incorrect: the FDA has
not given approval to use this transdermal patch on a continuous basis; it is placed
on the skin for 3 weeks and removed for 1 week. D is incorrect: this implantable
device is protective for 5 years, but it is not a combination contraceptive; it releases
synthetic progesterone only, not estrogen.
Which measure helps prevent osteoporosis? The correct response is D. Weight-bearing exercise is an excellent preventive
a. Supplementing with iron measure to preserve bone integrity, especially the vertebral column and hips.
b. Sleeping 8 hours nightly Walking strengthens the skeletal system and prevents breakdown that leads to
c. Eating lean meats only osteoporosis. A is incorrect: iron does not prevent bone breakdown; while iron
d. Weight-bearing exercise supplementation will build up blood and prevent anemia, it has a limited effect on
bones. B is incorrect: being in the horizontal position while sleeping is not helpful to
build bone. Weight-bearing on long bones helps to maintain their density, which
prevents loss of bone matrix. C is incorrect: protein gained from eating lean meats
helps the body to build tissue and muscles but has a limited effect on maintaining
bone integrity or preventing loss of bone density.
Which activity will increase a woman's risk of CVD if she is The correct response is B because smoking cigarettes causes vasoconstriction of
taking oral contraceptives? the blood vessels, increasing peripheral vascular resistance and thus elevating
a. Eating a high-fiber diet blood pressure. These vascular changes increase the chances of CVD by placing
b. Smoking cigarettes additional pressure on the heart to pump blood with increasing vessel resistance. A
c. Taking daily multivitamins is incorrect since fiber would be a positive diet addition and assist with elimination
d. Drinking alcohol patterns and prevent straining, which stresses the heart. C is an incorrect response
because vitamins do not cause narrowing of the vessel lumen, which places an
additional burden on the heart. D is an incorrect response since
alcohol produces vasodilation and reduces blood pressure. Alcohol in moderation is
said to be good for the heart.
The nurse is preparing to teach a class to a group of The correct response is C. The only two vasomotor symptoms listed are night
middle-aged women regarding the most common sweats and hot flashes. The remainder of the symptoms listed (fatigue, confusion,
vasomotor symptoms experienced during menopause and forgetfulness, irritability, loss of libido, and appetite) can be symptoms of
possible modalities of treatment available. Which is an menopause, but are not classified as vasomotor ones.
example of a vasomotor symptom experienced by
menopausal women?
a. Weight gain
b. Bone density
c. Hot flashes
d. Heart disease
Throughout life, a woman's most proactive activity to The correct response is
promote her health would be to engage in A. Exercise is heart-healthy, weight-healthy, and emotionally healthy. The motto
a. consistent exercise. "Keep moving" is the basis for a healthy lifestyle, since it will help maintain an ideal
b. socialization with friends. weight, improve circulation, and improve moods.
c. quality quiet time with herself. B is incorrect: socialization does not necessarily involve physical activity and would
d. consuming water. not be proactive in preserving health.
C is incorrect: quiet time alone, although needed to reduce stress, reduces
movement and may result in depression and weight gain. D is incorrect: water,
although needed to hydrate the body, will not maintain circulation, prevent weight
gain, or improve one's emotional mindset. Exercise will accomplish all three.