NUR 352 EXAM 1 ASU UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What is asepsis?
Answer:
The absence of disease-producing (pathogenic) organisms
Question:
What is aseptic technique?
Answer:
The process of eliminating pathogenic organisms or protecting against
infection. It is also used to prevent transfer of microorganisms.
Question:
What knowledge must the nurse have in order to conduct aseptic technique?
Answer:
Infectious organism: What is it? Transmission: How does it spread?
Steps/actions: What can we do to protection transmission? Patient: Who is at
risk for acquiring infection?
Question:
What's the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis?
Answer:
Medical asepsis is referred to as "clean" technique. These procedures reduce
and prevent the spread of microorganisms. Surgical asepsis is referred to as
"sterile" technique. These procedures eliminate all microorganisms and their
spores.
Question:
What is infection?
Answer:
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may
be clinically unapparent or may be the result of local cellulary injury caused
by competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or
antigen-antibody response.
Question:
What is the chain of infection?
Answer:
A sequence of necessary pieces for infection to occur. As nurses, it is our job to
break the chain. The chain consists of infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit,
transmission, portal of entry, and host susceptibility.
Question:
Provide an example of the chain of infection
Answer:
Infectious agent: Influenza Reservoir: Patient Portal of exit: Patient coughs
Transmission: Droplet Portal of entry: Nurse inhales droplet through nose
,Host susceptibility: Nurse has influenza vaccine
Question:
What is an infectious agent?
Answer:
They can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, parasites. The ability for the
microorganism to cause disease depends on the number present, the virulence
(the ability to produce disease and symptoms), ability to enter and survive in
the host, the susceptibility of the host.
Question:
What is a reservoir?
Answer:
A place where microorganisms grow, survive, mutiply, and await transfer.
Common reservoirs include a host (human/animal), insects, food, water, and
inanimate surfaces.
Question:
What is a portal of exit?
Answer:
The means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir.
Question:
What is an example of a portal of exit?
Answer:
A human sneezing, coughing, or vomiting
Question:
What is mode of transmission?
Answer:
The mode by which infectious agents can travel. The mode can be airborne,
contact, droplet, or vehicle (water, food, insects).
Question:
What are common modes of transmission in a health care setting?
Answer:
Hands of health care workers and equipment such as stethoscope,
thermometer, BP cuff, badge, and cell phone
Question:
What is the portal of entry?
Answer:
Can be any orifice or breaks in the skin that allow infectious agent to enter the
host and replicate.
Question:
What is a susceptible host?
Answer:
The susceptibility of a host depends on the individual's degree of resistance to
the pathogen. Susceptibility can vary depending on the strength and number
of invading microorganisms and the body's natural defense to infection.
, Question:
What certain risk factors affect susceptibility?
Answer:
1) Poor sleep, hygeine, nutritional intake, and overall health
2) Age (Children and the elderly)
3) Underlying disease (HIV, AIDS)
4) Malignancy (Cancers)
5) Transplants
6) Medications (Immunosuppressants, antimicrobials)
7) Surgical procedures
8) Radiation therapy
9) Indwelling devices (Catheters)
Question:
What measures can be taken to break the chain of infection?
Answer:
Standard precautions: Safety procedures when handling ALL patients,
regardless of health. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, donning
appropriate PPE when necessary, using the sharps container, and conducting
respirator etiquette. Transmission-based precautions: Applying more PPE
when dealing with patients with certain infections.
Question:
What is an affective way to re-move spores like
C. difficile?
Answer:
Non-antimicrobial soap and warm water. Alochol sanitizers, antimicrobials,
and antiseptics have not been affective with removing spores.
Question:
What are the stages of infection?
Answer:
Incubation, prodromal, acute illness, decline, convalescence
Question:
What are the different locations of infection?
Answer:
Local: Confined to one area of the body. Can be treated with oral or topical
antibiotics. Systemic: May start as local infections and then can get into the
bloodstream to infect the entire body.
Question:
What are the four major types of HAIs?
Answer:
1) Central line associated bloodstream infections
2) Surgical site infections
3) Catheter associated urinary tract infections
4) Ventilator associated pneumonia
Question:
What's the difference between endemic, epidemic, and pandemic infection?
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What is asepsis?
Answer:
The absence of disease-producing (pathogenic) organisms
Question:
What is aseptic technique?
Answer:
The process of eliminating pathogenic organisms or protecting against
infection. It is also used to prevent transfer of microorganisms.
Question:
What knowledge must the nurse have in order to conduct aseptic technique?
Answer:
Infectious organism: What is it? Transmission: How does it spread?
Steps/actions: What can we do to protection transmission? Patient: Who is at
risk for acquiring infection?
Question:
What's the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis?
Answer:
Medical asepsis is referred to as "clean" technique. These procedures reduce
and prevent the spread of microorganisms. Surgical asepsis is referred to as
"sterile" technique. These procedures eliminate all microorganisms and their
spores.
Question:
What is infection?
Answer:
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may
be clinically unapparent or may be the result of local cellulary injury caused
by competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or
antigen-antibody response.
Question:
What is the chain of infection?
Answer:
A sequence of necessary pieces for infection to occur. As nurses, it is our job to
break the chain. The chain consists of infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit,
transmission, portal of entry, and host susceptibility.
Question:
Provide an example of the chain of infection
Answer:
Infectious agent: Influenza Reservoir: Patient Portal of exit: Patient coughs
Transmission: Droplet Portal of entry: Nurse inhales droplet through nose
,Host susceptibility: Nurse has influenza vaccine
Question:
What is an infectious agent?
Answer:
They can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, parasites. The ability for the
microorganism to cause disease depends on the number present, the virulence
(the ability to produce disease and symptoms), ability to enter and survive in
the host, the susceptibility of the host.
Question:
What is a reservoir?
Answer:
A place where microorganisms grow, survive, mutiply, and await transfer.
Common reservoirs include a host (human/animal), insects, food, water, and
inanimate surfaces.
Question:
What is a portal of exit?
Answer:
The means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir.
Question:
What is an example of a portal of exit?
Answer:
A human sneezing, coughing, or vomiting
Question:
What is mode of transmission?
Answer:
The mode by which infectious agents can travel. The mode can be airborne,
contact, droplet, or vehicle (water, food, insects).
Question:
What are common modes of transmission in a health care setting?
Answer:
Hands of health care workers and equipment such as stethoscope,
thermometer, BP cuff, badge, and cell phone
Question:
What is the portal of entry?
Answer:
Can be any orifice or breaks in the skin that allow infectious agent to enter the
host and replicate.
Question:
What is a susceptible host?
Answer:
The susceptibility of a host depends on the individual's degree of resistance to
the pathogen. Susceptibility can vary depending on the strength and number
of invading microorganisms and the body's natural defense to infection.
, Question:
What certain risk factors affect susceptibility?
Answer:
1) Poor sleep, hygeine, nutritional intake, and overall health
2) Age (Children and the elderly)
3) Underlying disease (HIV, AIDS)
4) Malignancy (Cancers)
5) Transplants
6) Medications (Immunosuppressants, antimicrobials)
7) Surgical procedures
8) Radiation therapy
9) Indwelling devices (Catheters)
Question:
What measures can be taken to break the chain of infection?
Answer:
Standard precautions: Safety procedures when handling ALL patients,
regardless of health. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, donning
appropriate PPE when necessary, using the sharps container, and conducting
respirator etiquette. Transmission-based precautions: Applying more PPE
when dealing with patients with certain infections.
Question:
What is an affective way to re-move spores like
C. difficile?
Answer:
Non-antimicrobial soap and warm water. Alochol sanitizers, antimicrobials,
and antiseptics have not been affective with removing spores.
Question:
What are the stages of infection?
Answer:
Incubation, prodromal, acute illness, decline, convalescence
Question:
What are the different locations of infection?
Answer:
Local: Confined to one area of the body. Can be treated with oral or topical
antibiotics. Systemic: May start as local infections and then can get into the
bloodstream to infect the entire body.
Question:
What are the four major types of HAIs?
Answer:
1) Central line associated bloodstream infections
2) Surgical site infections
3) Catheter associated urinary tract infections
4) Ventilator associated pneumonia
Question:
What's the difference between endemic, epidemic, and pandemic infection?
