Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CV-BC) Practice
Examination 100% Verified Answers LATEST
UPDATE
1. A patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is being
evaluated for reperfusion therapy. The goal door-to-balloon time for primary
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is:
A) 30 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 90 minutes
D) 120 minutes
**Answer: C**
Rationale: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
guideline for STEMI is a door-to-balloon time of 90 minutes or less from first
medical contact to PCI.
2. A patient is admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. Which finding is
most indicative of elevated left ventricular filling pressures?
A) Hepatomegaly
B) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 25 pg/mL
C) S3 gallop
D) Peripheral edema
**Answer: C**
,Rationale: An S3 gallop is a sensitive indicator of volume overload and elevated
left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. BNP >100 pg/mL suggests heart failure; 25
pg/mL is normal. Hepatomegaly and peripheral edema indicate right-sided failure.
3. A nurse is interpreting a cardiac rhythm strip that shows no discernible P
waves, an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm, and a ventricular rate of 110
bpm. This rhythm is:
A) Atrial flutter
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by absent P waves, an irregularly
irregular R-R interval, and a variable ventricular response. Atrial flutter (A)
typically has sawtooth flutter waves and may be regular.
4. Which antiarrhythmic drug is a class III agent that prolongs repolarization and is
used for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias?
A) Lidocaine
B) Metoprolol
C) Amiodarone
D) Verapamil
**Answer: C**
,Rationale: Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that blocks potassium channels
and prolongs the action potential. Lidocaine is class Ib, metoprolol class II,
verapamil class IV.
5. A patient receiving unfractionated heparin infusion is monitored using which
laboratory value?
A) Prothrombin time (PT)
B) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
C) International normalized ratio (INR)
D) Bleeding time
**Answer: B**
Rationale: aPTT is used to monitor therapeutic effectiveness of unfractionated
heparin. PT/INR monitors warfarin.
6. A patient with chronic stable angina asks why sublingual nitroglycerin relieves
chest pain. The nurse explains that nitroglycerin:
A) Increases myocardial oxygen demand
B) Decreases preload and afterload, and dilates coronary arteries
C) Increases heart rate dramatically
D) Blocks calcium channels
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that reduces preload and afterload,
decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, and dilates coronary arteries, increasing
supply.
, 7. Which 12-lead ECG finding is most suggestive of acute inferior wall myocardial
infarction?
A) ST-segment depression in V1-V4
B) ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF
C) Pathologic Q waves in V5-V6
D) T-wave inversion in aVL
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Inferior wall MI is reflected by ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF,
typically due to right coronary artery occlusion.
8. A patient with heart failure has a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of
30%. This is classified as:
A) Preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
B) Mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF)
C) Reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
D) Normal ejection fraction
**Answer: C**
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as LVEF ≤40%. HFpEF is ≥50%, and HFmrEF is 41-49%.
9. A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports claudication in the calves
after walking two blocks. The nurse should document this as:
A) Rest pain
B) Critical limb ischemia
Examination 100% Verified Answers LATEST
UPDATE
1. A patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is being
evaluated for reperfusion therapy. The goal door-to-balloon time for primary
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is:
A) 30 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 90 minutes
D) 120 minutes
**Answer: C**
Rationale: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
guideline for STEMI is a door-to-balloon time of 90 minutes or less from first
medical contact to PCI.
2. A patient is admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. Which finding is
most indicative of elevated left ventricular filling pressures?
A) Hepatomegaly
B) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 25 pg/mL
C) S3 gallop
D) Peripheral edema
**Answer: C**
,Rationale: An S3 gallop is a sensitive indicator of volume overload and elevated
left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. BNP >100 pg/mL suggests heart failure; 25
pg/mL is normal. Hepatomegaly and peripheral edema indicate right-sided failure.
3. A nurse is interpreting a cardiac rhythm strip that shows no discernible P
waves, an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm, and a ventricular rate of 110
bpm. This rhythm is:
A) Atrial flutter
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by absent P waves, an irregularly
irregular R-R interval, and a variable ventricular response. Atrial flutter (A)
typically has sawtooth flutter waves and may be regular.
4. Which antiarrhythmic drug is a class III agent that prolongs repolarization and is
used for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias?
A) Lidocaine
B) Metoprolol
C) Amiodarone
D) Verapamil
**Answer: C**
,Rationale: Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that blocks potassium channels
and prolongs the action potential. Lidocaine is class Ib, metoprolol class II,
verapamil class IV.
5. A patient receiving unfractionated heparin infusion is monitored using which
laboratory value?
A) Prothrombin time (PT)
B) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
C) International normalized ratio (INR)
D) Bleeding time
**Answer: B**
Rationale: aPTT is used to monitor therapeutic effectiveness of unfractionated
heparin. PT/INR monitors warfarin.
6. A patient with chronic stable angina asks why sublingual nitroglycerin relieves
chest pain. The nurse explains that nitroglycerin:
A) Increases myocardial oxygen demand
B) Decreases preload and afterload, and dilates coronary arteries
C) Increases heart rate dramatically
D) Blocks calcium channels
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that reduces preload and afterload,
decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, and dilates coronary arteries, increasing
supply.
, 7. Which 12-lead ECG finding is most suggestive of acute inferior wall myocardial
infarction?
A) ST-segment depression in V1-V4
B) ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF
C) Pathologic Q waves in V5-V6
D) T-wave inversion in aVL
**Answer: B**
Rationale: Inferior wall MI is reflected by ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF,
typically due to right coronary artery occlusion.
8. A patient with heart failure has a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of
30%. This is classified as:
A) Preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
B) Mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF)
C) Reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
D) Normal ejection fraction
**Answer: C**
Rationale: HFrEF is defined as LVEF ≤40%. HFpEF is ≥50%, and HFmrEF is 41-49%.
9. A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports claudication in the calves
after walking two blocks. The nurse should document this as:
A) Rest pain
B) Critical limb ischemia
