What is the origin of the amyloids in Reactive amyloidosis
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Secondary: reactive systemic amyloidosis:
- protein precursor: serum amyloid A (SAA)
+ produced by the liver usually in small amounts
+ following inflammation it rises (1000 fold)
+ singlas for up regulation (IL-1,TNF-alpha, IL-6)
+ not the whole story, something else involved
• Describe the cell and cellular organelles. Know the functions of the membrane and
the organelles discussed in class.
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,Know the function and source of: Acute phase proteins
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- elevated levels of certain plasma proteins from liver
- most important: CRP, Fibrinogen, SAA
- stimulated by IL-6
Roles of APPs: act as opsonins and fix complement
Lab test:
- ESR (Fibrinogen)
- CRP
Pathogenesis
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mechanism of disease development
biochemical changes, structural changes
,• List the type of cancer associated with the following infections: HPV, EBV, HBV, HCV,
and H. pylori
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- HPV:
+ warts and cervical cancer
+ interactions with Rb, releasting transcription factors
+ binds to p53
- EBV:
+ first virus linked to a human tumor
+ burkitt's lymphoma and many others
+ attached to B cells through CD21
+ causes proliferation and generation lymphoblastoid cell lines
- HBV, HCV (Hepatitis):
+ 70-85% of hepatocellular carcinomas worldwide are due to infection
+ many factors:
++ chronic inflammation causes cellular injury, hepatocyte proliferation, and
ROS production
- H. pylori: first implicated in peptic ulcers, then the first bacterial
carcinogen
+ stomach cancer
+ chronic inflammation
+ stimulation of gas of cell proliferation
+ ROS that damages DNA
+ CagA stimulates GF pathways
- leads to polyclonal B cell proliferation that result in monoclonal B cell
tumors
• What causes fluid to stay in or leave the vasculature?
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, 1.) Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2.) Increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartments
Neoplasm
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abnormal new growth.
- Mass of tissue
- disorderly cells:
+ abnormal cell proliferation
+ abnormal cell differentiation (stuck in immature states, thus expressing the
wrong proteins or hormones)
+ abnormal relationship to the surrounding stroma
non-neoplastic changes cease when stimulus stops
neoplastic changes don't respond when stimulus stops
State the 4 situations that can result from the failure to eliminate a virus and what the
effect is on the host.
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- latency (common w/ herpes virus: episodes of reactivation result in acute
illness -> virus is at undetectable levels EX: cold sores, Varicella or
chickenpox and the Zoster or shingles)
- chronic infection (not eliminated and replicates slow enough to not really
cause damage, may have virions in blood or body fluids EX: hepatitis B,
chronic infection with measles)
- persistent and slow infection (mostly found in animals like minks and
sheep : in humans it is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy -> it is
Give this one a try later!
Secondary: reactive systemic amyloidosis:
- protein precursor: serum amyloid A (SAA)
+ produced by the liver usually in small amounts
+ following inflammation it rises (1000 fold)
+ singlas for up regulation (IL-1,TNF-alpha, IL-6)
+ not the whole story, something else involved
• Describe the cell and cellular organelles. Know the functions of the membrane and
the organelles discussed in class.
Give this one a try later!
,Know the function and source of: Acute phase proteins
Give this one a try later!
- elevated levels of certain plasma proteins from liver
- most important: CRP, Fibrinogen, SAA
- stimulated by IL-6
Roles of APPs: act as opsonins and fix complement
Lab test:
- ESR (Fibrinogen)
- CRP
Pathogenesis
Give this one a try later!
mechanism of disease development
biochemical changes, structural changes
,• List the type of cancer associated with the following infections: HPV, EBV, HBV, HCV,
and H. pylori
Give this one a try later!
- HPV:
+ warts and cervical cancer
+ interactions with Rb, releasting transcription factors
+ binds to p53
- EBV:
+ first virus linked to a human tumor
+ burkitt's lymphoma and many others
+ attached to B cells through CD21
+ causes proliferation and generation lymphoblastoid cell lines
- HBV, HCV (Hepatitis):
+ 70-85% of hepatocellular carcinomas worldwide are due to infection
+ many factors:
++ chronic inflammation causes cellular injury, hepatocyte proliferation, and
ROS production
- H. pylori: first implicated in peptic ulcers, then the first bacterial
carcinogen
+ stomach cancer
+ chronic inflammation
+ stimulation of gas of cell proliferation
+ ROS that damages DNA
+ CagA stimulates GF pathways
- leads to polyclonal B cell proliferation that result in monoclonal B cell
tumors
• What causes fluid to stay in or leave the vasculature?
Give this one a try later!
, 1.) Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2.) Increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartments
Neoplasm
Give this one a try later!
abnormal new growth.
- Mass of tissue
- disorderly cells:
+ abnormal cell proliferation
+ abnormal cell differentiation (stuck in immature states, thus expressing the
wrong proteins or hormones)
+ abnormal relationship to the surrounding stroma
non-neoplastic changes cease when stimulus stops
neoplastic changes don't respond when stimulus stops
State the 4 situations that can result from the failure to eliminate a virus and what the
effect is on the host.
Give this one a try later!
- latency (common w/ herpes virus: episodes of reactivation result in acute
illness -> virus is at undetectable levels EX: cold sores, Varicella or
chickenpox and the Zoster or shingles)
- chronic infection (not eliminated and replicates slow enough to not really
cause damage, may have virions in blood or body fluids EX: hepatitis B,
chronic infection with measles)
- persistent and slow infection (mostly found in animals like minks and
sheep : in humans it is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy -> it is
