Apoptosis
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- Programmed cell death
- blebbing of cells
- condensation of chromatin
- no inflammatory response
- caspases begin apoptosis, packaged particles are consumed by
phagocytes that send out "eat me" signals to be degraded.
- Happens normally: embryogenesis, cells that have served their purpose,
self-reactive lymphocytes, breakdown of hormone dependent tissues.
Basically, when a cell has done its job and isn't needed anymore, apoptosis
happens.
- Pathologic situations: DNA damage, misfolded proteins, viral infections.
Apoptosis helps keep tissue damage to a minimum.
- NO INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
,What are the steps of leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissue?
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- margination and rolling
- adhesion to endothelium
- transmigration through the endothelium (extravasation: get outside the
vein)
- migration into interstitial tissues via chemical gradient
PMNs
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- Elimination of microbes, dead tissue
Describe the ways a normal cell or tissue can adapt to stress and the signals that
induce them
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- Hypertrophy: increased cell size in response to stress
- Hyperplasia: cells multiply/increase in number of cells
- Atrophy: cells shrink by loss of substance
- Metaplasia: reversible change from one adult cell type to another
Nucleus
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- site of DNA replication
- home of DNA
Fat Necrosis
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- traumatic injury in fat areas (ex. breast) or by saponification; lipolysis;
phagocytes containing lipids; pancreatic type results in soap formation;
cells look like shadows with basophilic calcium deposits
Describe the acute phase response to acute phase proteins
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- Proteins are released during acute phase, including SAA, CRP and
fibrinogen.
- CRP is the test to detect protein levels in blood.
Describe mechanisms the phagocytic cell has for dealing with ingested material.
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???????
- Elastase and AMPs (antimicrobial peptides)
- NET
, - ROS
- Lysosomal enzymes
- low pH
What is needed for homeostasis?
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- good DNA
- functioning proteins
- sound membrane
- enough nutrients and oxygen
Role of the extracellular matrix in repair and healing
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- support
- place for adhesion and migration
- control of proliferation
- microenvironment
Hypoxia (cell injury)
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Give this one a try later!
- Programmed cell death
- blebbing of cells
- condensation of chromatin
- no inflammatory response
- caspases begin apoptosis, packaged particles are consumed by
phagocytes that send out "eat me" signals to be degraded.
- Happens normally: embryogenesis, cells that have served their purpose,
self-reactive lymphocytes, breakdown of hormone dependent tissues.
Basically, when a cell has done its job and isn't needed anymore, apoptosis
happens.
- Pathologic situations: DNA damage, misfolded proteins, viral infections.
Apoptosis helps keep tissue damage to a minimum.
- NO INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
,What are the steps of leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissue?
Give this one a try later!
- margination and rolling
- adhesion to endothelium
- transmigration through the endothelium (extravasation: get outside the
vein)
- migration into interstitial tissues via chemical gradient
PMNs
Give this one a try later!
- Elimination of microbes, dead tissue
Describe the ways a normal cell or tissue can adapt to stress and the signals that
induce them
Give this one a try later!
- Hypertrophy: increased cell size in response to stress
- Hyperplasia: cells multiply/increase in number of cells
- Atrophy: cells shrink by loss of substance
- Metaplasia: reversible change from one adult cell type to another
Nucleus
,Give this one a try later!
- site of DNA replication
- home of DNA
Fat Necrosis
Give this one a try later!
- traumatic injury in fat areas (ex. breast) or by saponification; lipolysis;
phagocytes containing lipids; pancreatic type results in soap formation;
cells look like shadows with basophilic calcium deposits
Describe the acute phase response to acute phase proteins
Give this one a try later!
- Proteins are released during acute phase, including SAA, CRP and
fibrinogen.
- CRP is the test to detect protein levels in blood.
Describe mechanisms the phagocytic cell has for dealing with ingested material.
Give this one a try later!
???????
- Elastase and AMPs (antimicrobial peptides)
- NET
, - ROS
- Lysosomal enzymes
- low pH
What is needed for homeostasis?
Give this one a try later!
- good DNA
- functioning proteins
- sound membrane
- enough nutrients and oxygen
Role of the extracellular matrix in repair and healing
Give this one a try later!
- support
- place for adhesion and migration
- control of proliferation
- microenvironment
Hypoxia (cell injury)
Give this one a try later!
