NSG 5140 Advanced
Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions And Correct Answers
Review 2 South College
Correct answers is after the 4 multichoice options indicated in bold
A patient has been diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease called
multiple sclerosis (MS). The physician explains to the patient that this
disease may be caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Later that day, the
patient asks the nurse what this means. The NP should reply:
-The cells around your nerves don't know how to die correctly.
-The cytoplasm should neutralize the various apoptotic inhibitors but isn't
working correctly.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate of programmed cell
death along the neuro-pathways.
-There is an inappropriately low rate of apoptosis occurring within the cells.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate of
programmed cell death along the neuro-pathways.
During a crime scene investigation, the coroner confirms that rigor mortis
has set in. This helps to confirm an approximate time of death. The forensic
nurse can explain this process (rigor mortis) to a group of students based on
the fact that:
-Troponin is being prevented from forming a cross-bridge between the actin
and myosin.
,-The activated by ATP, cross-bridges become attached to the actin filament.
-The myosin head catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to provide the energy
need so that a cross-bridge can be formed.
-At death, the body is unable to complete the actin/myosin cycle and release
the coupling between the myosin and actin, creating a state of muscular
contraction
-At death, the body is unable to complete the actin/myosin cycle
and release the coupling between the myosin and actin, creating a
state of muscular contraction
A nurse is teaching clients about the benefits of smoking cessation. What
should the nurse include as the most accurate reason for the development of
a chronic "smoker's cough"?
-Damage to cilia in the respiratory tract make it necessary to cough to clear
the airway.
-Smoke is an irritant that chronically triggers the coughing centers in the
brain.
-Build-up of fluids in the alveolar spaces promotes a cough in an attempt to
clear secretions.
-Substances in the smoke interfere with gas exchange and hypoxia triggers a
cough response.
-Damage to cilia in the respiratory tract make it necessary to cough
to clear the airway.
,The nurse is caring for a client preparing for a bone marrow transplant who
has undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy the existing bone
marrow. The client asks how the donation can replace all the different types
of blood cells. What is the nurse's best response?
-We inject new bone marrow directly into the bone and from there it will
create new cells.
-The cells we are injecting are hematopoietic stem cells and can transform
into different cells.
-You will also need several transfusions of different types of blood products
to replace the cells.
-The donation contains all the different types of blood cells and will multiply
once in your body.
-The cells we are injecting are hematopoietic stem cells and can
transform into different cells.
Of the following situations, which one would be an example of a maladaptive
cellular change?
-18 year old body builder who has developed extremely large pectoral
muscles following years of weight lifting.
-31 year old marathon runner who has developed hypertrophied myocardial
cells.
-54 year old female who has developed ovarian atrophy following loss of
estrogen stimulation during menopause.
, -44 year old male with a 60 pack/year smoking history who was diagnosed
with a histological grade 3 lung cancer.
-44 year old male with a 60 pack/year smoking history who was
diagnosed with a histological grade 3 lung cancer.
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and
pathogenesis of a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital
context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
-A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacterium
-A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
-A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
-A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver
cirrhosis
A 60 year-old man has presented to a clinic and is requesting screening for
tumor markers after reading about them in a magazine. What can the
clinician most accurately tell the man about the clinical use of tumor
markers?
-"Tumor markers are a very useful screening tool, but they only exist for a
very few types of cancer."
Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions And Correct Answers
Review 2 South College
Correct answers is after the 4 multichoice options indicated in bold
A patient has been diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease called
multiple sclerosis (MS). The physician explains to the patient that this
disease may be caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Later that day, the
patient asks the nurse what this means. The NP should reply:
-The cells around your nerves don't know how to die correctly.
-The cytoplasm should neutralize the various apoptotic inhibitors but isn't
working correctly.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate of programmed cell
death along the neuro-pathways.
-There is an inappropriately low rate of apoptosis occurring within the cells.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate of
programmed cell death along the neuro-pathways.
During a crime scene investigation, the coroner confirms that rigor mortis
has set in. This helps to confirm an approximate time of death. The forensic
nurse can explain this process (rigor mortis) to a group of students based on
the fact that:
-Troponin is being prevented from forming a cross-bridge between the actin
and myosin.
,-The activated by ATP, cross-bridges become attached to the actin filament.
-The myosin head catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to provide the energy
need so that a cross-bridge can be formed.
-At death, the body is unable to complete the actin/myosin cycle and release
the coupling between the myosin and actin, creating a state of muscular
contraction
-At death, the body is unable to complete the actin/myosin cycle
and release the coupling between the myosin and actin, creating a
state of muscular contraction
A nurse is teaching clients about the benefits of smoking cessation. What
should the nurse include as the most accurate reason for the development of
a chronic "smoker's cough"?
-Damage to cilia in the respiratory tract make it necessary to cough to clear
the airway.
-Smoke is an irritant that chronically triggers the coughing centers in the
brain.
-Build-up of fluids in the alveolar spaces promotes a cough in an attempt to
clear secretions.
-Substances in the smoke interfere with gas exchange and hypoxia triggers a
cough response.
-Damage to cilia in the respiratory tract make it necessary to cough
to clear the airway.
,The nurse is caring for a client preparing for a bone marrow transplant who
has undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy the existing bone
marrow. The client asks how the donation can replace all the different types
of blood cells. What is the nurse's best response?
-We inject new bone marrow directly into the bone and from there it will
create new cells.
-The cells we are injecting are hematopoietic stem cells and can transform
into different cells.
-You will also need several transfusions of different types of blood products
to replace the cells.
-The donation contains all the different types of blood cells and will multiply
once in your body.
-The cells we are injecting are hematopoietic stem cells and can
transform into different cells.
Of the following situations, which one would be an example of a maladaptive
cellular change?
-18 year old body builder who has developed extremely large pectoral
muscles following years of weight lifting.
-31 year old marathon runner who has developed hypertrophied myocardial
cells.
-54 year old female who has developed ovarian atrophy following loss of
estrogen stimulation during menopause.
, -44 year old male with a 60 pack/year smoking history who was diagnosed
with a histological grade 3 lung cancer.
-44 year old male with a 60 pack/year smoking history who was
diagnosed with a histological grade 3 lung cancer.
A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and
pathogenesis of a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital
context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best
characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
-A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacterium
-A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
-A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
-A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver
cirrhosis
A 60 year-old man has presented to a clinic and is requesting screening for
tumor markers after reading about them in a magazine. What can the
clinician most accurately tell the man about the clinical use of tumor
markers?
-"Tumor markers are a very useful screening tool, but they only exist for a
very few types of cancer."
