ICT 394 Quiz Session 05 | Questions with Correct Answers | 2026
Update myMurdoch Learning | 100% Score - 118 Questions and
Answers Already Graded A+ Premium Exam Tested And
Verified
Subject Area Information and Communication Technology
Description Comprehensive examination covering advanced topics in ICT including network
protocols, security, wireless systems, SDN, routing, and IoT. Demands deep
conceptual reasoning and multi-step analysis typical of Ivy League and R1
university assessments.
Expected Grade A+
Total Questions 118
Duration 3 hours
Learning Outcomes 1. Analyze and design complex ICT systems integrating multiple protocols and
security mechanisms.
2. Evaluate trade-offs in network architectures such as SDN, wireless, and IoT
under constraints.
3. Apply cryptographic and routing algorithms to solve practical networking
problems.
Accreditation Aligned with US university undergraduate standards for ICT programs, reflecting
latest 2026 updates in curriculum.
Page 1
,Question 1 of 118
A network engineer receives a prefix 200.100.0.0/16 and needs to create subnets that each support
exactly 255 hosts. What is the maximum number of such subnets that can be created from this
prefix?
A. 256
B. 128
C. 64
D. 512
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: 128
Rationales
• 128 (Correct):
This is the correct action. To support 255 hosts, need a subnet mask with 9 host bits (2^9 - 2 = 510 possible hosts, but 255
exact requires at least 255+2=257 addresses, so 9 bits: /23). From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256)
would require /24 subnets supporting 254 hosts, not 255. Option C (64) would correspond to /22, and D (512) to /15, which
• 256 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
• 64 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
• 512 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
Page 2
,Question 2 of 118
In TCP Reno, after a timeout occurs, the congestion window is set to 1 MSS. If the slow start
threshold (ssthresh) was 32 before the timeout, what is the size of the congestion window (in MSS)
after the first successful transmission following the timeout?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 16
D. 32
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: 1
Rationales
• 1 (Correct):
This is the correct action. On timeout, TCP Reno sets cwnd = 1 MSS and ssthresh = min(cwnd/2, 2) but in standard,
ssthresh is set to half of the current cwnd that existed before timeout (here 32/2=16). However, after timeout, cwnd remains
1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change
• 2 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
• 16 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
• 32 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
Page 3
, Question 3 of 118
In a public-key infrastructure, which of the following is a primary reason for using a Certificate
Revocation List (CRL) instead of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) in certain
high-security environments?
A. CRL provides real-time certificate status.
B. CRL eliminates the need for a trusted third party.
C. CRL reduces bandwidth consumption by avoiding frequent queries to a responder.
D. CRL allows offline verification of certificate status.
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: CRL allows offline verification of certificate status.
Rationales
• CRL allows offline verification of certificate status. (Correct):
This is the correct action. CRLs are lists of revoked certificates that can be downloaded and used offline, enabling
verification without an online connection. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and
potential privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a
• CRL provides real-time certificate status. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
• CRL eliminates the need for a trusted third party. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
• CRL reduces bandwidth consumption by avoiding frequent queries to a responder. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
Page 4
Update myMurdoch Learning | 100% Score - 118 Questions and
Answers Already Graded A+ Premium Exam Tested And
Verified
Subject Area Information and Communication Technology
Description Comprehensive examination covering advanced topics in ICT including network
protocols, security, wireless systems, SDN, routing, and IoT. Demands deep
conceptual reasoning and multi-step analysis typical of Ivy League and R1
university assessments.
Expected Grade A+
Total Questions 118
Duration 3 hours
Learning Outcomes 1. Analyze and design complex ICT systems integrating multiple protocols and
security mechanisms.
2. Evaluate trade-offs in network architectures such as SDN, wireless, and IoT
under constraints.
3. Apply cryptographic and routing algorithms to solve practical networking
problems.
Accreditation Aligned with US university undergraduate standards for ICT programs, reflecting
latest 2026 updates in curriculum.
Page 1
,Question 1 of 118
A network engineer receives a prefix 200.100.0.0/16 and needs to create subnets that each support
exactly 255 hosts. What is the maximum number of such subnets that can be created from this
prefix?
A. 256
B. 128
C. 64
D. 512
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: 128
Rationales
• 128 (Correct):
This is the correct action. To support 255 hosts, need a subnet mask with 9 host bits (2^9 - 2 = 510 possible hosts, but 255
exact requires at least 255+2=257 addresses, so 9 bits: /23). From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256)
would require /24 subnets supporting 254 hosts, not 255. Option C (64) would correspond to /22, and D (512) to /15, which
• 256 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
• 64 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
• 512 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. From /16 to /23 gives 2^(23-16)=128 subnets. Option A (256) would require /24 subnets
supporting 254 hosts, not 255
Page 2
,Question 2 of 118
In TCP Reno, after a timeout occurs, the congestion window is set to 1 MSS. If the slow start
threshold (ssthresh) was 32 before the timeout, what is the size of the congestion window (in MSS)
after the first successful transmission following the timeout?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 16
D. 32
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: 1
Rationales
• 1 (Correct):
This is the correct action. On timeout, TCP Reno sets cwnd = 1 MSS and ssthresh = min(cwnd/2, 2) but in standard,
ssthresh is set to half of the current cwnd that existed before timeout (here 32/2=16). However, after timeout, cwnd remains
1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change
• 2 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
• 16 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
• 32 (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. However, after timeout, cwnd remains 1 until the first ACK is received for the retransmitted
segment. The first successful transmission itself does not change cwnd; cwnd only increases upon receiving ACK
Page 3
, Question 3 of 118
In a public-key infrastructure, which of the following is a primary reason for using a Certificate
Revocation List (CRL) instead of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) in certain
high-security environments?
A. CRL provides real-time certificate status.
B. CRL eliminates the need for a trusted third party.
C. CRL reduces bandwidth consumption by avoiding frequent queries to a responder.
D. CRL allows offline verification of certificate status.
The correct answer is:
Correct Action: CRL allows offline verification of certificate status.
Rationales
• CRL allows offline verification of certificate status. (Correct):
This is the correct action. CRLs are lists of revoked certificates that can be downloaded and used offline, enabling
verification without an online connection. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and
potential privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a
• CRL provides real-time certificate status. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
• CRL eliminates the need for a trusted third party. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
• CRL reduces bandwidth consumption by avoiding frequent queries to a responder. (Incorrect):
This option is not appropriate. OCSP requires real-time queries to a responder, which introduces latency and potential
privacy issues. Option A is false because CRLs are typically not real-time; B is false because both rely on a trusted third
party; C is a possible advantage but the primary reason in high-security is offline capability
Page 4
