NUR 257 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)?
Answer:
Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and commonly focused on
health promotion and adjustment to aging.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)?
Answer:
May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes, and increased need
for support with some activities.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)?
Answer:
More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory changes, and greater
dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)?
Answer:
A rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional needs.
Question:
What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of chronic
illness or disability?
Answer:
Promote the highest possible level of independence and quality of life through
symptom management, pain control, safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest, and
emotional support.
Question:
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging?
Answer:
The shared beliefs, values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group that
shape how people view the world, health, illness, and care.
Question:
What is the definition of diversity?
Answer:
The presence of differences among people, including race, ethnicity, language, religion,
gender, age, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and life experiences.
,Question:
What are health disparities?
Answer:
Preventable differences in health outcomes, access to care, and quality of care
experienced by certain groups due to social, economic, environmental, and systemic
inequities.
Question:
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging?
Answer:
Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about different cultures, avoid
stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and
adapt care to be culturally congruent.
Question:
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language?
Answer:
Using terms like 'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family
instead of the patient, and assuming all older adults are forgetful or dependent.
Question:
What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults from
diverse backgrounds?
Answer:
Use culturally sensitive assessments, provide teaching in preferred language, include
family when appropriate, respect safe traditional practices, build trust, and assess
access barriers like transportation or finances.
Question:
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Thinning of the epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
Question:
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Loss of muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and joint flexibility.
Question:
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
Question:
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Decreased lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
, Question:
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Reduced kidney mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Question:
What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
Question:
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Decreased hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or decreased
testosterone and sexual response in men.
Question:
What are two normal gastrointestinal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower gastric motility and decreased saliva and digestive secretions.
Question:
What are two normal neurologic changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower reflexes and response time, and mild changes in short-term memory or
processing speed.
Question:
What are two normal immune system changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Reduced immune response and increased susceptibility to infection and slower healing.
Question:
How can nurses respond to the spiritual needs of older adults?
Answer:
Assess spiritual beliefs and sources of meaning, listen with empathy, provide privacy
for prayer, support rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
Question:
What should be the focus of care during the dying process?
Answer:
Comfort-focused care, dignity, spiritual support, family support, and clear
communication about end-of-life wishes.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)?
Answer:
Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and commonly focused on
health promotion and adjustment to aging.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)?
Answer:
May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes, and increased need
for support with some activities.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)?
Answer:
More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory changes, and greater
dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
Question:
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)?
Answer:
A rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional needs.
Question:
What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of chronic
illness or disability?
Answer:
Promote the highest possible level of independence and quality of life through
symptom management, pain control, safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest, and
emotional support.
Question:
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging?
Answer:
The shared beliefs, values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group that
shape how people view the world, health, illness, and care.
Question:
What is the definition of diversity?
Answer:
The presence of differences among people, including race, ethnicity, language, religion,
gender, age, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and life experiences.
,Question:
What are health disparities?
Answer:
Preventable differences in health outcomes, access to care, and quality of care
experienced by certain groups due to social, economic, environmental, and systemic
inequities.
Question:
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging?
Answer:
Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about different cultures, avoid
stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and
adapt care to be culturally congruent.
Question:
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language?
Answer:
Using terms like 'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family
instead of the patient, and assuming all older adults are forgetful or dependent.
Question:
What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults from
diverse backgrounds?
Answer:
Use culturally sensitive assessments, provide teaching in preferred language, include
family when appropriate, respect safe traditional practices, build trust, and assess
access barriers like transportation or finances.
Question:
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Thinning of the epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
Question:
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Loss of muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and joint flexibility.
Question:
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
Question:
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Decreased lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
, Question:
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Reduced kidney mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Question:
What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
Question:
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Decreased hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or decreased
testosterone and sexual response in men.
Question:
What are two normal gastrointestinal changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower gastric motility and decreased saliva and digestive secretions.
Question:
What are two normal neurologic changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Slower reflexes and response time, and mild changes in short-term memory or
processing speed.
Question:
What are two normal immune system changes associated with aging?
Answer:
Reduced immune response and increased susceptibility to infection and slower healing.
Question:
How can nurses respond to the spiritual needs of older adults?
Answer:
Assess spiritual beliefs and sources of meaning, listen with empathy, provide privacy
for prayer, support rituals, and offer referrals to chaplains or clergy.
Question:
What should be the focus of care during the dying process?
Answer:
Comfort-focused care, dignity, spiritual support, family support, and clear
communication about end-of-life wishes.
