NGR6400 EXAM 2 BIOCHEMISTRY UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NGR6400 EXAM 2 BIOCHEMISTRY UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
Definition of Biochemistry
Answer:
Branch of science in which you study the chemical and physical processes that occur in
an organism.

Question:
What are the 4 major bio-molecules?
Answer:
1) Lipids
2) Carbohydrates
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids

Question:
Polymers: Definition
Answer:
Molecules made of monomers (repeating subunits).

Question:
Polymers: Characteristics of monomers
Answer:
Each monomer is either identical or similar in its chemical structure

Question:
Polymers:
-Carbohydrate Polymers contain what kind of monomers? -Nucleic Acids contain what
kind of monomers? -Proteins contain what kind of monomers?
Answer:
-Sugar monomers -Nucleotide monomers -Amino Acid monomers

Question:
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Definition
Answer:
Chemical process in which a polymer forms as monomers are linked together by the
removal of water molecules

Question:
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): What 2 things are lost from the 2 subgroups to
form H2O?
Answer:
One subunit loses a H Second subunit loses an -OH

,Question:
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): What bond is formed and what are the
products?
Answer:
Covalent bond H2O and a new polymer are formed

Question:
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): The covalent bond at the oxygen atom and that
forms an?
Answer:
Ether

Question:
Hydrolysis: Definition
Answer:
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question:
Hydrolysis: Which molecule is split in this reaction
Answer:
Water H2O

Question:
Hydrolysis: What 2 things are added to the 2 subgroups when H2O breakdown?
Answer:
An -H is added to one subunit An -OH is added to another subunit

Question:
Hydrolysis: What happens to the covalent bond?
Answer:
It breaks

Question:
Carbohydrates: Definition
Answer:
"Hydrated Carbon" Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and
living tissues and including sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose. They contain
hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to
release energy in the animal body. Carbons hydrated with a water molecule -H and -OH
are attached to every carbon

Question:
Carbohydrates: What are the three categories?
Answer:
1) Monosaccharides
2) Disaccharides
3) Polysaccharides

, Question:
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides definition and example
Answer:
Simple sugar monomers with 3-7 carbon atoms Glucose

Question:
Carbohydrates: 6 Carbon Monosaccharides Sugars (3)
Answer:
Hexose
1) Galactose
2) Fructose
3) Glucose

Question:
Carbohydrates: 5 Carbon Monosaccharides Sugars (2)
Answer:
Pentose
1) Ribose
2) Deoxyribose

Question:
Carbohydrates: Disaccharides definition and example (3)
Answer:
A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example:
1) sucrose which is fructose + glucose
2) Lactose
3) Maltose

Question:
Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides definition and example (3)
Answer:
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than three or more sugars. Ex: Starch,
cellulose, and glycogen

Question:
Carbohydrates: What is the most common in polysaccharide in animals (1) and plants
(2)?
Answer:
Animals- Glycogen Plants- Starch & Cellulose

Question:
Carbohydrates: Why is cellulose important?
Answer:
Major cell wall component.