ASU BIO 340 Exam 1
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(2025-2026)
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, selective breeding (artificial selection) the process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the
breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Amateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in plants
in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly referred to as the
"father of genetics"
modern genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a
"transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can
transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in
Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and G
were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary information could be
transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically
genome the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission gene transmission between organisms without parental reproduction
horizontal transmission gene transmission from parents to their offspring through reproduction (aka person-
to-person)
DNA replication the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein
hereditary material the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the next (encoded in
DNA in humans).
Flashcards
(2025-2026)
Question and Answers
Expert Verified
(With A+ Grades Guarantee)
, selective breeding (artificial selection) the process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the
breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Amateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in plants
in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly referred to as the
"father of genetics"
modern genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a
"transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can
transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in
Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and G
were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary information could be
transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically
genome the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission gene transmission between organisms without parental reproduction
horizontal transmission gene transmission from parents to their offspring through reproduction (aka person-
to-person)
DNA replication the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein
hereditary material the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the next (encoded in
DNA in humans).
