1808NRS-Nursing- Final Exam Review
Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Fully Solved.
What is anatomy? - Answer •Anatomy-the branch of biology concerned with the study of the
structure of organisms and their parts.
What is physiology? - Answer •Physiology-the branch of biology dealing with the functions
and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes.
What is Dissection? - Answer •Dissection (to cut up)-The process of cutting apart or separating
tissue as, for example, in the study of anatomy or in the course of a surgical procedure.
What are the levels of organization in the human body? - Answer •The human body is
organized at different levels, starting with the chemical. Followed by cells.
•Cells are organized into tissues.
•Tissues form organs.
•Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems.
What are the different Planes? - Answer frontal, transverse, sagittal
Transverse - Answer • (also known as axial or horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground; in
humans it separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet.
Coronal - Answer • (also known as frontal or lateral) plane is perpendicular to the ground; in
humans it separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from
the dorsal.
Sagittal - Answer •(also known as anteroposterior) plane is perpendicular to the ground,
separating left from right. The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane that is exactly in the
middle of the body.
The midsagittal or median plane - Answer •is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline
structures such as the navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as
parasagittal planes) are parallel to it. Median can also refer to the midsagittal plane of other
structures, such as a digit.
What is the thoracic cavity? - Answer •Thoracic--also called chest cavity, the second largest
hollow space of the body.
, •It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone, and is
separated from the abdominal cavity (the body's largest hollow space) by the diaphragm
What is the abdominal cavity? - Answer •Abdominal--a large cavity found in the torso
between the thoracic cavity and the pelvic cavity.
•It is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.
What is the femoral Region? - Answer •Common name is the thigh
•Contains the femoral artery
What are Mucous membranes? - Answer •A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane
that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs.
•It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue.
•Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid.
• Line many tracts and structures of the body, including the mouth, nose, eyelids, trachea
(windpipe) and lungs, stomach and intestines, and the ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder.
•It does not line every tract or structure of the body. For example: blood vessels
What is cutaneous membrane? - Answer •The integumentary system includes the skin or
cutaneous membrane
•It is made of three general layers.
• In order from most superficial to deepest they are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue.
What are the different layers of skin? - Answer epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
The epidermis - Answer •the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and
creates our skin tone.
The dermis - Answer beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles,
and sweat glands.
The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) - Answer •is made of fat and connective tissue.
It stores the fat, so it can be used as food. It acts as a "shock absorber". And helps regulate body
temperature.
What causes your hair to stand on end or goose bumps? - Answer •These bumps are caused
by a contraction of miniature muscles that are attached to each hair.
Anatomy and Physiology Questions
Fully Solved.
What is anatomy? - Answer •Anatomy-the branch of biology concerned with the study of the
structure of organisms and their parts.
What is physiology? - Answer •Physiology-the branch of biology dealing with the functions
and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes.
What is Dissection? - Answer •Dissection (to cut up)-The process of cutting apart or separating
tissue as, for example, in the study of anatomy or in the course of a surgical procedure.
What are the levels of organization in the human body? - Answer •The human body is
organized at different levels, starting with the chemical. Followed by cells.
•Cells are organized into tissues.
•Tissues form organs.
•Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems.
What are the different Planes? - Answer frontal, transverse, sagittal
Transverse - Answer • (also known as axial or horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground; in
humans it separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet.
Coronal - Answer • (also known as frontal or lateral) plane is perpendicular to the ground; in
humans it separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from
the dorsal.
Sagittal - Answer •(also known as anteroposterior) plane is perpendicular to the ground,
separating left from right. The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane that is exactly in the
middle of the body.
The midsagittal or median plane - Answer •is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline
structures such as the navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as
parasagittal planes) are parallel to it. Median can also refer to the midsagittal plane of other
structures, such as a digit.
What is the thoracic cavity? - Answer •Thoracic--also called chest cavity, the second largest
hollow space of the body.
, •It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone, and is
separated from the abdominal cavity (the body's largest hollow space) by the diaphragm
What is the abdominal cavity? - Answer •Abdominal--a large cavity found in the torso
between the thoracic cavity and the pelvic cavity.
•It is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.
What is the femoral Region? - Answer •Common name is the thigh
•Contains the femoral artery
What are Mucous membranes? - Answer •A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane
that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs.
•It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue.
•Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid.
• Line many tracts and structures of the body, including the mouth, nose, eyelids, trachea
(windpipe) and lungs, stomach and intestines, and the ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder.
•It does not line every tract or structure of the body. For example: blood vessels
What is cutaneous membrane? - Answer •The integumentary system includes the skin or
cutaneous membrane
•It is made of three general layers.
• In order from most superficial to deepest they are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue.
What are the different layers of skin? - Answer epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
The epidermis - Answer •the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and
creates our skin tone.
The dermis - Answer beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles,
and sweat glands.
The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) - Answer •is made of fat and connective tissue.
It stores the fat, so it can be used as food. It acts as a "shock absorber". And helps regulate body
temperature.
What causes your hair to stand on end or goose bumps? - Answer •These bumps are caused
by a contraction of miniature muscles that are attached to each hair.
