NURS 222 EXAM 2 (CH. 7, 8, 14, 28, 29, 31) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | COMPLETE NURS 222 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
problem-solving approach to practice - ANS ✔✔evidence-based practice
focuses on knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are necessary to practice safely as a nurse - ANS
✔✔QSEN
What does QSEN stand for? - ANS ✔✔Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
During evidence-based practice, it is a challenge to obtain... - ANS ✔✔- the very best information
- the most current information
- information at the right time, when you need patient care
During evidence-based decision making, _____ guides the plan for the patient. - ANS ✔✔assessment
What are the 7 steps that provide a systemic approach to rational clinical decision making? - ANS ✔✔0.
Cultivate spirit of inquiry
1. Ask clinical question in PICO(T) format
2. Search for most relevant/best evidence
3. Critically appraise evidence
4. Integrate the best evidence when making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate the outcomes
6. Communicate the outcomes
What should you do when cultivating a spirit of inquiry? - ANS ✔✔question and analyze a patient's
current practices (ask why and what their reasoning is)
What is PICOT? - ANS ✔✔P = Patient Population of Interest (be specific)
I = Intervention of Interest (what you can do to help a patient)
C = Comparison of Interest (standard of care for right now)
O = Outcome (what you hope to achieve)
T = Time (not that important)
What are the searches for the best evidence? - ANS ✔✔- focused
- expert clinicians/librarians
- databases
- peer-reviewed nursing journals
What is RCT? - ANS ✔✔randomized controlled trial
Explain the hierarchy of evidence. - ANS ✔✔- it guides to what are your strongest supportive evidence
,- the bottom is your weakest evidence
- the top is your strongest evidence
What do evidence-based articles include? - ANS ✔✔1) Abstract (summary)
2) Introduction (introduces subject)
3) Literature Review/Background (information that has already been found; the longest)
4) Narrative which includes Clinical (what is the new recommendation) & Research
Explain the steps for research in the narrative. - ANS ✔✔- purpose : intent of study; educated guess
- method/design : how organized & conducted
- analysis : how data was collected & analyzed
- results/conclusion : what they found
- clinical implications : sometimes used; combines info. in order for you to use on your own
When you decide to apply evidence, consider... - ANS ✔✔- administrators (worried about money)
- nurses (worried about how the patient outcomes will be efficient)
- physicians (worried about how it will affect them giving proper care)
What is the student role? - ANS ✔✔the plan of care we make; can constantly change throughout the day
Explain patient education. - ANS ✔✔- happens everyday
- constantly teaching patients before they are discharged
- readmission rates have decreased because of this
Explain nursing-sensitive outcomes. - ANS ✔✔- how the patient & their outcomes are affected by a
nurse's sensitive intervention
- ex: checking on them 30 min. after giving pain meds; addressing post-op nausea; providing safety;
infection rates; fall rates; pressure ulcers
Explain process measurement and indicators. - ANS ✔✔- pressure measurement monitors process
- process indicators are physical operations or charts; sometimes people may even follow to make sure it
is being done properly
What are 3 methods of communication when presenting outcomes? - ANS ✔✔1) scientific abstracts
2) poster presentations
3) podium presentations
Explain the two types of research studies. - ANS ✔✔quantitive : more precise; deals with numbers &
percentages
qualitative : phenomenon that is hard to figure out or understand such as emotions
a report that must be filled out when things unexpectedly occur - ANS ✔✔variance report
unexpected occurrence that results in death, serious illness, or psychological - ANS ✔✔sentinel
Who gives approval to do research? - ANS ✔✔Institutional Review Board (IRB)
, Who would be considered part of the vulnerable population that is protected by the IRB from research? -
ANS ✔✔- terminally ill people
- people in prison
- pregnant women
- children
- emotionally/mentally disabled adults
- students
Clinical decision making requires _____. - ANS ✔✔critical thinking
a continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined
with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions
are true and relevant - ANS ✔✔critical thinking
recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing information, evaluating information, and making conclusions -
ANS ✔✔critical thinking
What are 6 critical thinking skills? - ANS ✔✔1) interpretation
2) analysis
3) inference
4) evaluation
5) explanation
6) self-regulation
purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning - ANS ✔✔reflection
an inner sensing or "gut feeling" that should be combined with objective and scientific evidence - ANS
✔✔intuition
What are 5 components of critical thinking? - ANS ✔✔1) knowledge base
2) experience
3) competence
4) attitudes
5) standards
What are 11 attitudes for critical thinking? - ANS ✔✔1) confidence
2) independence
3) fairness
4) responsibility
5) risk taking
6) discipline
7) perseverance
8) creativity
9) curiosity
10) integrity
11) humility
ANSWERS | COMPLETE NURS 222 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
problem-solving approach to practice - ANS ✔✔evidence-based practice
focuses on knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are necessary to practice safely as a nurse - ANS
✔✔QSEN
What does QSEN stand for? - ANS ✔✔Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
During evidence-based practice, it is a challenge to obtain... - ANS ✔✔- the very best information
- the most current information
- information at the right time, when you need patient care
During evidence-based decision making, _____ guides the plan for the patient. - ANS ✔✔assessment
What are the 7 steps that provide a systemic approach to rational clinical decision making? - ANS ✔✔0.
Cultivate spirit of inquiry
1. Ask clinical question in PICO(T) format
2. Search for most relevant/best evidence
3. Critically appraise evidence
4. Integrate the best evidence when making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate the outcomes
6. Communicate the outcomes
What should you do when cultivating a spirit of inquiry? - ANS ✔✔question and analyze a patient's
current practices (ask why and what their reasoning is)
What is PICOT? - ANS ✔✔P = Patient Population of Interest (be specific)
I = Intervention of Interest (what you can do to help a patient)
C = Comparison of Interest (standard of care for right now)
O = Outcome (what you hope to achieve)
T = Time (not that important)
What are the searches for the best evidence? - ANS ✔✔- focused
- expert clinicians/librarians
- databases
- peer-reviewed nursing journals
What is RCT? - ANS ✔✔randomized controlled trial
Explain the hierarchy of evidence. - ANS ✔✔- it guides to what are your strongest supportive evidence
,- the bottom is your weakest evidence
- the top is your strongest evidence
What do evidence-based articles include? - ANS ✔✔1) Abstract (summary)
2) Introduction (introduces subject)
3) Literature Review/Background (information that has already been found; the longest)
4) Narrative which includes Clinical (what is the new recommendation) & Research
Explain the steps for research in the narrative. - ANS ✔✔- purpose : intent of study; educated guess
- method/design : how organized & conducted
- analysis : how data was collected & analyzed
- results/conclusion : what they found
- clinical implications : sometimes used; combines info. in order for you to use on your own
When you decide to apply evidence, consider... - ANS ✔✔- administrators (worried about money)
- nurses (worried about how the patient outcomes will be efficient)
- physicians (worried about how it will affect them giving proper care)
What is the student role? - ANS ✔✔the plan of care we make; can constantly change throughout the day
Explain patient education. - ANS ✔✔- happens everyday
- constantly teaching patients before they are discharged
- readmission rates have decreased because of this
Explain nursing-sensitive outcomes. - ANS ✔✔- how the patient & their outcomes are affected by a
nurse's sensitive intervention
- ex: checking on them 30 min. after giving pain meds; addressing post-op nausea; providing safety;
infection rates; fall rates; pressure ulcers
Explain process measurement and indicators. - ANS ✔✔- pressure measurement monitors process
- process indicators are physical operations or charts; sometimes people may even follow to make sure it
is being done properly
What are 3 methods of communication when presenting outcomes? - ANS ✔✔1) scientific abstracts
2) poster presentations
3) podium presentations
Explain the two types of research studies. - ANS ✔✔quantitive : more precise; deals with numbers &
percentages
qualitative : phenomenon that is hard to figure out or understand such as emotions
a report that must be filled out when things unexpectedly occur - ANS ✔✔variance report
unexpected occurrence that results in death, serious illness, or psychological - ANS ✔✔sentinel
Who gives approval to do research? - ANS ✔✔Institutional Review Board (IRB)
, Who would be considered part of the vulnerable population that is protected by the IRB from research? -
ANS ✔✔- terminally ill people
- people in prison
- pregnant women
- children
- emotionally/mentally disabled adults
- students
Clinical decision making requires _____. - ANS ✔✔critical thinking
a continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined
with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions
are true and relevant - ANS ✔✔critical thinking
recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing information, evaluating information, and making conclusions -
ANS ✔✔critical thinking
What are 6 critical thinking skills? - ANS ✔✔1) interpretation
2) analysis
3) inference
4) evaluation
5) explanation
6) self-regulation
purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning - ANS ✔✔reflection
an inner sensing or "gut feeling" that should be combined with objective and scientific evidence - ANS
✔✔intuition
What are 5 components of critical thinking? - ANS ✔✔1) knowledge base
2) experience
3) competence
4) attitudes
5) standards
What are 11 attitudes for critical thinking? - ANS ✔✔1) confidence
2) independence
3) fairness
4) responsibility
5) risk taking
6) discipline
7) perseverance
8) creativity
9) curiosity
10) integrity
11) humility
