WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2027
1. A patient’s biopsy shows one adult cell type has been replaced by another adult cell type.
Which term describes this adaptation?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often in response to chronic irritation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a positive Chvostek sign?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
the Chvostek sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped).
3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an IgE-mediated response to an
allergen?
A. Type II
B. Type I
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic reaction
mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation.
4. In the TNM staging system for cancer, what does the ‘N’ represent?
A. Neoplasm size
B. Number of tumors
C. Necrosis level
D. Node involvement
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: In TNM staging, T stands for Tumor size, N stands for regional
lymph Node involvement, and M stands for distant Metastasis.
5. Which condition is characterized by a 45,X karyotype and results in female phenotypic
features?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Edwards Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Turner Syndrome occurs when a female is born with only one X
chromosome (45,X).
6. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Excessive glucagon production by alpha cells
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Decreased glucose absorption in the gut
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is caused by an autoimmune-mediated
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2027
1. A patient’s biopsy shows one adult cell type has been replaced by another adult cell type.
Which term describes this adaptation?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often in response to chronic irritation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a positive Chvostek sign?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
the Chvostek sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped).
3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an IgE-mediated response to an
allergen?
A. Type II
B. Type I
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic reaction
mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation.
4. In the TNM staging system for cancer, what does the ‘N’ represent?
A. Neoplasm size
B. Number of tumors
C. Necrosis level
D. Node involvement
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: In TNM staging, T stands for Tumor size, N stands for regional
lymph Node involvement, and M stands for distant Metastasis.
5. Which condition is characterized by a 45,X karyotype and results in female phenotypic
features?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Edwards Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Turner Syndrome occurs when a female is born with only one X
chromosome (45,X).
6. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Excessive glucagon production by alpha cells
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Decreased glucose absorption in the gut
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is caused by an autoimmune-mediated
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
