PSY 102 Exam 2 SCRIPT 2026/2027
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
• Cued Recall -✓✓ A way of testing memory in which the experimenter provides
the participant the time and place in which the memory was encoded, as well as
some hint about the content of the to-be-remembered material (e.g., "Tell me the
words I read to you an hour ago. One of them was something to eat.").
• Digit Span task -✓✓ Participants hear a list of digits read to them, one digit per
second, and must immediately recite the list in the correct order. This task has been
used to measure primary memory capacity since the turn of the twentieth century.
• Echoic memory -✓✓ Name given to the auditory variety of sensory memory.
• Embodied -✓✓ When higher-level conceptual representations overlap with and
are based on basic perceptual processes.
• encoding -✓✓ The mental process by which experiences become memories
• episodic memory -✓✓ Memories that are associated with a particular time and
place, with a this-happened-to-me feeling.
• exemplar -✓✓ An instance of a category.
• Exemplar model -✓✓ Model of categorization that maintains that all exemplars
are stored in memory, and categorization judgments are made by judging the
similarity of the new exemplar to all the old exemplars of a category.
,• explicit memory -✓✓ A type of memory retrieval that is conscious, usually
measured by verbal report. Explicit retrieval would typically be supported by
declarative memory; "declarative" refers to the memory system, and "explicit"
refers to the type of memory test.
• false memory -✓✓ A memory of an event that never occurred that the participant
nevertheless believes did occur
• flashbulb memory -✓✓ A very rich, very detailed memory that is encoded when
something that is emotionally intense happens.
• forgetting-- retrieval induced -✓✓ The phenomenon whereby retrieving some
memories makes you forget other, related memories.
• free recall -✓✓ A way of testing memory in which the experimenter provides no
cues other than the time and place in which the memory was encoded (e.g., "Tell
me the words I read to you an hour ago")
• iconic memory -✓✓ name given to the visual variety of sensory memory
• implicit memory -✓✓ A type of memory retrieval that is unconscious and is
measured not by verbal report, but via some performance measure. The
experimenter can tell that the participant has learned by how the participant
performs some task.
• blocking / occlusion -✓✓ A source of forgetting. There is a stronger link from a
cue to some undesired memory than to the target, and the cue therefore always
calls up the undesired memory.
, • Model model -✓✓ A model composed of the most common features of models of
short-term memory in the early 1970s. The modal model turned out to be incorrect
in many details.
• proactive interference -✓✓ Earlier learning interferes with new learning.
• recognition test -✓✓ Method of testing memory in which the experimenter
presents the participants with the to-be-remembered material, along with other
material that was not initially encoded (distractors). The participant must select the
to-be-remembered items from among these other items.
• recognition failure of recallable words -✓✓ The effect in which words that were
not recognized are nevertheless recalled successfully on a later test.
• Reconstruction -✓✓ The idea that memories are not simply pulled out of the
storehouse, rather, they are interpreted in terms of prior knowledge to reconstruct
what probably occurred.
• release from proactive interference -✓✓ Refers to the effect in which proactive
interference dissipates if one changes the stimulus materials.
• repetition priming -✓✓ Effect in which performance of a task is biased by one's
having seen the same words or pictures sometime earlier.
• repression -✓✓ The active forgetting of an episode that would be too painful or
threatening to the self to be remembered.
• retroactive interference -✓✓ later learning interferes with earlier learning
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
• Cued Recall -✓✓ A way of testing memory in which the experimenter provides
the participant the time and place in which the memory was encoded, as well as
some hint about the content of the to-be-remembered material (e.g., "Tell me the
words I read to you an hour ago. One of them was something to eat.").
• Digit Span task -✓✓ Participants hear a list of digits read to them, one digit per
second, and must immediately recite the list in the correct order. This task has been
used to measure primary memory capacity since the turn of the twentieth century.
• Echoic memory -✓✓ Name given to the auditory variety of sensory memory.
• Embodied -✓✓ When higher-level conceptual representations overlap with and
are based on basic perceptual processes.
• encoding -✓✓ The mental process by which experiences become memories
• episodic memory -✓✓ Memories that are associated with a particular time and
place, with a this-happened-to-me feeling.
• exemplar -✓✓ An instance of a category.
• Exemplar model -✓✓ Model of categorization that maintains that all exemplars
are stored in memory, and categorization judgments are made by judging the
similarity of the new exemplar to all the old exemplars of a category.
,• explicit memory -✓✓ A type of memory retrieval that is conscious, usually
measured by verbal report. Explicit retrieval would typically be supported by
declarative memory; "declarative" refers to the memory system, and "explicit"
refers to the type of memory test.
• false memory -✓✓ A memory of an event that never occurred that the participant
nevertheless believes did occur
• flashbulb memory -✓✓ A very rich, very detailed memory that is encoded when
something that is emotionally intense happens.
• forgetting-- retrieval induced -✓✓ The phenomenon whereby retrieving some
memories makes you forget other, related memories.
• free recall -✓✓ A way of testing memory in which the experimenter provides no
cues other than the time and place in which the memory was encoded (e.g., "Tell
me the words I read to you an hour ago")
• iconic memory -✓✓ name given to the visual variety of sensory memory
• implicit memory -✓✓ A type of memory retrieval that is unconscious and is
measured not by verbal report, but via some performance measure. The
experimenter can tell that the participant has learned by how the participant
performs some task.
• blocking / occlusion -✓✓ A source of forgetting. There is a stronger link from a
cue to some undesired memory than to the target, and the cue therefore always
calls up the undesired memory.
, • Model model -✓✓ A model composed of the most common features of models of
short-term memory in the early 1970s. The modal model turned out to be incorrect
in many details.
• proactive interference -✓✓ Earlier learning interferes with new learning.
• recognition test -✓✓ Method of testing memory in which the experimenter
presents the participants with the to-be-remembered material, along with other
material that was not initially encoded (distractors). The participant must select the
to-be-remembered items from among these other items.
• recognition failure of recallable words -✓✓ The effect in which words that were
not recognized are nevertheless recalled successfully on a later test.
• Reconstruction -✓✓ The idea that memories are not simply pulled out of the
storehouse, rather, they are interpreted in terms of prior knowledge to reconstruct
what probably occurred.
• release from proactive interference -✓✓ Refers to the effect in which proactive
interference dissipates if one changes the stimulus materials.
• repetition priming -✓✓ Effect in which performance of a task is biased by one's
having seen the same words or pictures sometime earlier.
• repression -✓✓ The active forgetting of an episode that would be too painful or
threatening to the self to be remembered.
• retroactive interference -✓✓ later learning interferes with earlier learning
