CHD 3243 EXAM 3 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
constructivist approach - Answers - A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the
importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with
guidance from the teacher.
-emphasis on ellaboration
-Students are encouraged to explore their world. Collaborate, discover knowledge
direct instruction approach - Answers - A structured, teacher-centered approach that is
characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high
expectations for students' progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts
to keep negative affect to a minimum.
top-dog phenomenon - Answers - the circumstance of moving from the top position in
elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school
common core standards initiative - Answers - Specify what students should know and
the skills they should develop at each grade level in various content areas
the National Research Council's recommendations for improving US high schools -
Answers - -Get students more engaged in learning
-Urban high schools are too often characterized by low expectations, alienation, and low
achievement
· Transition from high school to college - Answers - -Replays the top-dog phenomenon
-Involves a move to a larger, more impersonal, school structure
-Interaction with peers from diverse geographical and sometimes more diverse ethnic
backgrounds
-Increased focus on achievement and performance and their assessment
Authoritative strategies - Answers - This strategy encourages students to be
independent thinkers and doers but still involves effective monitoring
authoritarian strategies - Answers - Restrictive and punitive, with the focus mainly on
keeping order rather than on instruction and learning
permissive strategies - Answers - Offers students considerable autonomy but provides
them with little support for developing skills or managing their behavior
Recommendations for parents who want their children and adolescents to do well in
school: - Answers - -Keep in mind that ability is not fixed and can change
-Be involved
-Support autonomy and self-initiative
, -Be positive
-Understand that each child or adolescent is different
bullying - Answers - ◦Boys are more likely to be bullies than girls
◦Boys and younger middle school students are most likely to be bullied
◦Anxious, socially withdrawn, and aggressive children are often victims
◦70% to 80% of victims and their bullies are in the same school classroom
◦Many bullies are not rejected by the peer group
◦Bullies and their victims in adolescence were more likely to experience depression and
engage in suicide ideation and attempt suicide
◦Engaging in bullying during middle school is linked to an increased likelihood of
antisocial and criminal behavior later in adolescence and adulthood
◦A dramatic increase in cyberbullying has occurred
culture: socioeconomic status and ethnicity - Answers - Compared with schools in
higher-income areas, schools in low-income areas:
Are more likely to have more students with low achievement scores
Low graduation rates
Small percentages of students going to college
Are more likely to have young teachers with less experience
More noncredentialedor nonqualified teachers
More substitute teachers who regularly fill in
Are more likely to encourage rote learning -memorization
Don't provide adequate support for English language learners
ADHD - Answers - ADHD is a disability in which children or adolescents consistently
show one or more of these characteristics—inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
4-9x more in boys than in girls
◦Heightened awareness of the disorder
◦Many children and adolescents are being incorrectly diagnosed
Treatment of ADHD - Answers - ◦Stimulants
◦Behavior management
◦Neurofeedback
◦Mindfulness
◦Exercise
Individualized education plan (IEP) - Answers - A written statement that spells out a
program specifically tailored for a student with a disability
Inclusion - Answers - Educating a child with special education needs full-time in the
regular classroom`
constructivist approach - Answers - A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the
importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with
guidance from the teacher.
-emphasis on ellaboration
-Students are encouraged to explore their world. Collaborate, discover knowledge
direct instruction approach - Answers - A structured, teacher-centered approach that is
characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high
expectations for students' progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts
to keep negative affect to a minimum.
top-dog phenomenon - Answers - the circumstance of moving from the top position in
elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school
common core standards initiative - Answers - Specify what students should know and
the skills they should develop at each grade level in various content areas
the National Research Council's recommendations for improving US high schools -
Answers - -Get students more engaged in learning
-Urban high schools are too often characterized by low expectations, alienation, and low
achievement
· Transition from high school to college - Answers - -Replays the top-dog phenomenon
-Involves a move to a larger, more impersonal, school structure
-Interaction with peers from diverse geographical and sometimes more diverse ethnic
backgrounds
-Increased focus on achievement and performance and their assessment
Authoritative strategies - Answers - This strategy encourages students to be
independent thinkers and doers but still involves effective monitoring
authoritarian strategies - Answers - Restrictive and punitive, with the focus mainly on
keeping order rather than on instruction and learning
permissive strategies - Answers - Offers students considerable autonomy but provides
them with little support for developing skills or managing their behavior
Recommendations for parents who want their children and adolescents to do well in
school: - Answers - -Keep in mind that ability is not fixed and can change
-Be involved
-Support autonomy and self-initiative
, -Be positive
-Understand that each child or adolescent is different
bullying - Answers - ◦Boys are more likely to be bullies than girls
◦Boys and younger middle school students are most likely to be bullied
◦Anxious, socially withdrawn, and aggressive children are often victims
◦70% to 80% of victims and their bullies are in the same school classroom
◦Many bullies are not rejected by the peer group
◦Bullies and their victims in adolescence were more likely to experience depression and
engage in suicide ideation and attempt suicide
◦Engaging in bullying during middle school is linked to an increased likelihood of
antisocial and criminal behavior later in adolescence and adulthood
◦A dramatic increase in cyberbullying has occurred
culture: socioeconomic status and ethnicity - Answers - Compared with schools in
higher-income areas, schools in low-income areas:
Are more likely to have more students with low achievement scores
Low graduation rates
Small percentages of students going to college
Are more likely to have young teachers with less experience
More noncredentialedor nonqualified teachers
More substitute teachers who regularly fill in
Are more likely to encourage rote learning -memorization
Don't provide adequate support for English language learners
ADHD - Answers - ADHD is a disability in which children or adolescents consistently
show one or more of these characteristics—inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
4-9x more in boys than in girls
◦Heightened awareness of the disorder
◦Many children and adolescents are being incorrectly diagnosed
Treatment of ADHD - Answers - ◦Stimulants
◦Behavior management
◦Neurofeedback
◦Mindfulness
◦Exercise
Individualized education plan (IEP) - Answers - A written statement that spells out a
program specifically tailored for a student with a disability
Inclusion - Answers - Educating a child with special education needs full-time in the
regular classroom`
