PNB 2265 Exam II | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest
Update 2026/2027 ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is an articulation? An articulation is the meeting place of two or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?) and the structural classification of that
joint.
Range of motion: refers to the normal extent of mobility for a specific joint movement
degrees of freedom the number of axes at which movement in a joint occurs
Biaxial joint If you have two axes of rotation, two planes of movement, two degrees of
freedom is called biaxial joint you can combine to make a fifth movement called
circumduction.
Relationship between mobility and stability The nature of the tissue connecting bones in a joint will determine that bones
function and whether its freely movable, slightly moveable or not movable at all.
For example, the shoulder is the most frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the whole body.
, What are the classifications by structural categories? fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What are the classifications by function categories? syntharthrosis: immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
Classifications by function and structure categories That is within the first two structural classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
relationship examples of different functional classes that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are considered to be diarthrosis, freely movable.
Anatomical position standing, arms by sides, palms forward
Flexion: bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones and bringing moving
segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
"forward flexion"
Extension straightens the joint, increasing the angle between bones
abduction movement away from midlinead
Circumduction It is a combined movement of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the two movement pairs (either both flexion
+ extension or adduction + abduction) can perform the movement of
circumduction.
Rotation - occurs on the longitudinal axis of a moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and shoulder)
Supination and Pronation: S: You can see this if you stand in anatomical position, and then flex or bend
elbow to 90 degrees and then rotate your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
Update 2026/2027 ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is an articulation? An articulation is the meeting place of two or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?) and the structural classification of that
joint.
Range of motion: refers to the normal extent of mobility for a specific joint movement
degrees of freedom the number of axes at which movement in a joint occurs
Biaxial joint If you have two axes of rotation, two planes of movement, two degrees of
freedom is called biaxial joint you can combine to make a fifth movement called
circumduction.
Relationship between mobility and stability The nature of the tissue connecting bones in a joint will determine that bones
function and whether its freely movable, slightly moveable or not movable at all.
For example, the shoulder is the most frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the whole body.
, What are the classifications by structural categories? fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What are the classifications by function categories? syntharthrosis: immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
Classifications by function and structure categories That is within the first two structural classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
relationship examples of different functional classes that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are considered to be diarthrosis, freely movable.
Anatomical position standing, arms by sides, palms forward
Flexion: bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones and bringing moving
segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
"forward flexion"
Extension straightens the joint, increasing the angle between bones
abduction movement away from midlinead
Circumduction It is a combined movement of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the two movement pairs (either both flexion
+ extension or adduction + abduction) can perform the movement of
circumduction.
Rotation - occurs on the longitudinal axis of a moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and shoulder)
Supination and Pronation: S: You can see this if you stand in anatomical position, and then flex or bend
elbow to 90 degrees and then rotate your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
