, Jersey College Nutrition Final Exam Actual 2026/2027
– Complete Exam-Style Questions | 100% Verified –
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1. A patient with cirrhosis is placed on a low-sodium diet. Which food selection
indicates the patient understands the teaching?
• A) Canned chicken noodle soup
• B) A ham and cheese sandwich
• C) Fresh grilled fish with steamed asparagus
• D) Pickles and olives
Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soups, processed meats (ham), and pickles/olives are
extremely high in sodium, which worsens fluid retention and ascites in cirrhosis.
Fresh grilled fish with steamed asparagus is naturally low in sodium.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient with gout about dietary management. Which
food should the patient avoid?
• A) Cherries
• B) Organ meats (liver, kidney)
• C) Low-fat yogurt
• D) Fresh vegetables
Answer: B
Rationale: Organ meats are high in purines, which metabolize into uric acid and
trigger gout flare-ups. Cherries and low-fat dairy are protective; vegetables are
low-purine.
3. A patient's lab results show a serum albumin of 2.8 g/dL. This finding is
consistent with which condition?
, • A) Dehydration
• B) Protein-calorie malnutrition
• C) Hyperlipidemia
• D) Excess iron stores
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal serum albumin is 3.5–5.0 g/dL. A level of 2.8 g/dL indicates
protein-calorie malnutrition because the liver lacks amino acids to synthesize
albumin. Dehydration would falsely elevate albumin.
4. A post-operative patient is on a full liquid diet. Which of the following is
appropriate to serve?
• A) Pureed chicken
• B) Cream of wheat cereal
• C) Scrambled eggs
• D) Mashed potatoes
Answer: B
Rationale: Cream of wheat cereal is a full liquid—it melts to a liquid consistency.
Pureed chicken, scrambled eggs, and mashed potatoes are mechanically
soft/pureed diets, not full liquids.
5. A nurse is calculating carbohydrate counts for a patient with Type 1 diabetes.
The patient consumes 1 cup of milk (12g carbs), 1 small apple (15g carbs), and 1
slice of whole wheat toast (15g carbs). What is the total carbohydrate count?
• A) 27g
• B) 30g
• C) 42g
• D) 52g
, Answer: C
Rationale: 12g (milk) + 15g (apple) + 15g (toast) = 42g total carbohydrates.
6. A patient with heart failure is on a 2-gram sodium diet. Which breakfast is
most appropriate?
• A) Oatmeal with fresh blueberries and scrambled eggs
• B) Cornflakes with sliced banana and 2% milk
• C) Bacon, egg, and cheese sandwich on a croissant
• D) Canned vegetable soup with saltine crackers
Answer: A
Rationale: Oatmeal with fresh blueberries and scrambled eggs is naturally low in
sodium (< 200 mg). Bacon, canned soups, and processed cheese sandwiches
contain > 1000 mg of sodium.
7. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and is activated by the
kidneys?
• A) Vitamin A
• B) Vitamin C
• C) Vitamin D
• D) Vitamin K
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is converted in the kidneys to its active form (calcitriol),
which increases intestinal calcium absorption. Without vitamin D, only 10–15% of
dietary calcium is absorbed.
8. A patient with dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy should be taught to:
• A) Drink fluids with meals to slow digestion
– Complete Exam-Style Questions | 100% Verified –
Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
1. A patient with cirrhosis is placed on a low-sodium diet. Which food selection
indicates the patient understands the teaching?
• A) Canned chicken noodle soup
• B) A ham and cheese sandwich
• C) Fresh grilled fish with steamed asparagus
• D) Pickles and olives
Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soups, processed meats (ham), and pickles/olives are
extremely high in sodium, which worsens fluid retention and ascites in cirrhosis.
Fresh grilled fish with steamed asparagus is naturally low in sodium.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient with gout about dietary management. Which
food should the patient avoid?
• A) Cherries
• B) Organ meats (liver, kidney)
• C) Low-fat yogurt
• D) Fresh vegetables
Answer: B
Rationale: Organ meats are high in purines, which metabolize into uric acid and
trigger gout flare-ups. Cherries and low-fat dairy are protective; vegetables are
low-purine.
3. A patient's lab results show a serum albumin of 2.8 g/dL. This finding is
consistent with which condition?
, • A) Dehydration
• B) Protein-calorie malnutrition
• C) Hyperlipidemia
• D) Excess iron stores
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal serum albumin is 3.5–5.0 g/dL. A level of 2.8 g/dL indicates
protein-calorie malnutrition because the liver lacks amino acids to synthesize
albumin. Dehydration would falsely elevate albumin.
4. A post-operative patient is on a full liquid diet. Which of the following is
appropriate to serve?
• A) Pureed chicken
• B) Cream of wheat cereal
• C) Scrambled eggs
• D) Mashed potatoes
Answer: B
Rationale: Cream of wheat cereal is a full liquid—it melts to a liquid consistency.
Pureed chicken, scrambled eggs, and mashed potatoes are mechanically
soft/pureed diets, not full liquids.
5. A nurse is calculating carbohydrate counts for a patient with Type 1 diabetes.
The patient consumes 1 cup of milk (12g carbs), 1 small apple (15g carbs), and 1
slice of whole wheat toast (15g carbs). What is the total carbohydrate count?
• A) 27g
• B) 30g
• C) 42g
• D) 52g
, Answer: C
Rationale: 12g (milk) + 15g (apple) + 15g (toast) = 42g total carbohydrates.
6. A patient with heart failure is on a 2-gram sodium diet. Which breakfast is
most appropriate?
• A) Oatmeal with fresh blueberries and scrambled eggs
• B) Cornflakes with sliced banana and 2% milk
• C) Bacon, egg, and cheese sandwich on a croissant
• D) Canned vegetable soup with saltine crackers
Answer: A
Rationale: Oatmeal with fresh blueberries and scrambled eggs is naturally low in
sodium (< 200 mg). Bacon, canned soups, and processed cheese sandwiches
contain > 1000 mg of sodium.
7. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and is activated by the
kidneys?
• A) Vitamin A
• B) Vitamin C
• C) Vitamin D
• D) Vitamin K
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is converted in the kidneys to its active form (calcitriol),
which increases intestinal calcium absorption. Without vitamin D, only 10–15% of
dietary calcium is absorbed.
8. A patient with dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy should be taught to:
• A) Drink fluids with meals to slow digestion
