NSG 3113 Gould's Pathophysiology Test
Bank Chapter 1 - 2026/2027 | Latest
Update | Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
A) An inherited disorder
B) A combination of specific etiological factors
C) An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Answer: C - Iatrogenic diseases are caused by medical treatment, including unwanted
effects of prescribed drugs. This is distinct from inherited disorders (genetic),
multifactorial causes, or environmental exposures .
Question 2
The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
A) Subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B) Signs and symptoms of a disease
C) Factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D) Early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Answer: B - Manifestations refer collectively to the clinical signs (objective findings) and
symptoms (subjective patient reports) of a disease .
Question 3
The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
A) Precipitating factors causing an acute episode
B) Number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
,C) Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
D) Exacerbations occurring during chronic illness
Answer: C - Prognosis is the forecast or prediction of the probable course and outcome
of a disease, including recovery expectations .
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
A) Swelling of the knee
B) Fever
C) Pain in the neck
D) Red rash on the face
Answer: B - Systemic signs affect the entire body rather than a single location. Fever is a
systemic response, while swelling, localized pain, and rash are local signs .
Question 5
Etiology is defined as the study of the:
A) Causes of a disease
B) Course of a disease
C) Expected complications of a disease
D) Manifestations of a disease
Answer: A - Etiology specifically refers to the cause or origin of a disease, including
genetic, infectious, environmental, or multifactorial origins .
Question 6
A disease that has a sudden onset and short duration is described as:
A) Chronic
B) Subacute
C) Acute
D) Latent
,Answer: C - Acute diseases have a rapid onset and relatively short duration (days to
weeks). Chronic diseases persist for months to years .
Question 7
A disease that persists for a long time, often for the remainder of a patient's life, is
called:
A) Acute
B) Subclinical
C) Chronic
D) Remission
Answer: C - Chronic diseases are long-lasting, often progressive, and may require
ongoing management (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, arthritis) .
Question 8
When a disease is present but the patient shows no obvious manifestations, it is called:
A) Latent stage
B) Subclinical
C) Prodromal
D) Acute
Answer: B - Subclinical disease means the pathologic changes are occurring but the
patient has no recognizable signs or symptoms .
Question 9
The study of how disease processes affect body function is called:
A) Etiology
B) Pathology
C) Pathophysiology
D) Epidemiology
, Answer: C - Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur in the
body as a result of a disease process .
Question 10
A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is
termed:
A) Latent stage
B) Predisposing factor
C) Incidence
D) Precipitating factor
Answer: D - A precipitating factor is a condition that triggers the onset or exacerbation
of a disease .
Question 11
What is an acute episode of a chronic disease called?
A) An exacerbation
B) A prodromal period
C) A complication
D) A sequela
Answer: A - An exacerbation is a sudden worsening of symptoms in a chronic disease .
Question 12
The term homeostasis refers to:
A) The causative factors in a particular disease
B) Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C) A condition that triggers an acute episode
D) A collection of signs and symptoms
Answer: B - Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the
body .
Bank Chapter 1 - 2026/2027 | Latest
Update | Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
A) An inherited disorder
B) A combination of specific etiological factors
C) An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Answer: C - Iatrogenic diseases are caused by medical treatment, including unwanted
effects of prescribed drugs. This is distinct from inherited disorders (genetic),
multifactorial causes, or environmental exposures .
Question 2
The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
A) Subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B) Signs and symptoms of a disease
C) Factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D) Early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Answer: B - Manifestations refer collectively to the clinical signs (objective findings) and
symptoms (subjective patient reports) of a disease .
Question 3
The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
A) Precipitating factors causing an acute episode
B) Number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
,C) Predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
D) Exacerbations occurring during chronic illness
Answer: C - Prognosis is the forecast or prediction of the probable course and outcome
of a disease, including recovery expectations .
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
A) Swelling of the knee
B) Fever
C) Pain in the neck
D) Red rash on the face
Answer: B - Systemic signs affect the entire body rather than a single location. Fever is a
systemic response, while swelling, localized pain, and rash are local signs .
Question 5
Etiology is defined as the study of the:
A) Causes of a disease
B) Course of a disease
C) Expected complications of a disease
D) Manifestations of a disease
Answer: A - Etiology specifically refers to the cause or origin of a disease, including
genetic, infectious, environmental, or multifactorial origins .
Question 6
A disease that has a sudden onset and short duration is described as:
A) Chronic
B) Subacute
C) Acute
D) Latent
,Answer: C - Acute diseases have a rapid onset and relatively short duration (days to
weeks). Chronic diseases persist for months to years .
Question 7
A disease that persists for a long time, often for the remainder of a patient's life, is
called:
A) Acute
B) Subclinical
C) Chronic
D) Remission
Answer: C - Chronic diseases are long-lasting, often progressive, and may require
ongoing management (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, arthritis) .
Question 8
When a disease is present but the patient shows no obvious manifestations, it is called:
A) Latent stage
B) Subclinical
C) Prodromal
D) Acute
Answer: B - Subclinical disease means the pathologic changes are occurring but the
patient has no recognizable signs or symptoms .
Question 9
The study of how disease processes affect body function is called:
A) Etiology
B) Pathology
C) Pathophysiology
D) Epidemiology
, Answer: C - Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur in the
body as a result of a disease process .
Question 10
A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is
termed:
A) Latent stage
B) Predisposing factor
C) Incidence
D) Precipitating factor
Answer: D - A precipitating factor is a condition that triggers the onset or exacerbation
of a disease .
Question 11
What is an acute episode of a chronic disease called?
A) An exacerbation
B) A prodromal period
C) A complication
D) A sequela
Answer: A - An exacerbation is a sudden worsening of symptoms in a chronic disease .
Question 12
The term homeostasis refers to:
A) The causative factors in a particular disease
B) Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C) A condition that triggers an acute episode
D) A collection of signs and symptoms
Answer: B - Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the
body .
