PNR 204/PNR204 Final Exam V1 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is providing care for a 4-year-old child who is being hospitalized for a surgical
procedure. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which of the
following developmental stages is this child currently experiencing?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The preschool-age child, ranging from 3 to 6 years, is in the stage of Initiative
vs. Guilt. During this period, children begin to assert power and control over their
environment through play and social interactions. If they are discouraged or restricted,
they may develop a sense of guilt regarding their desires and actions.
2. A nurse is assessing an infant with suspected intussusception. Which of the following
clinical findings is a classic sign of this condition?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Steatorrhea
C. Ribbon-like stools
,D. Currant jelly-like stools
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes into
another, leading to lymphatic and venous obstruction. This process causes edema and the
leaking of blood and mucus into the intestinal lumen, resulting in stools that resemble
currant jelly. Immediate diagnosis is critical to prevent bowel necrosis and perforation.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine to a
toddler. At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered?
A. At birth
B. 2 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 to 15 months
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: According to the standard immunization schedule, the first dose of the MMR
vaccine is administered between 12 and 15 months of age. Maternal antibodies usually
provide protection until about 1 year of age, making earlier administration less effective. A
second dose is typically given before the child starts school, usually between 4 and 6 years
of age.
, 4. A school-age child with cystic fibrosis is being evaluated. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect to observe in this patient?
A. Steatorrhea and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
B. Increased appetite and weight gain
C. Hyperglycemia and polydipsia
D. Bradycardia and hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Cystic fibrosis affects the exocrine glands, leading to thick secretions that
block pancreatic ducts. This prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the duodenum,
resulting in the malabsorption of fats and proteins, which causes steatorrhea (bulky, foul-
smelling stools). Consequently, these patients often require pancreatic enzyme
replacement and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation.
5. A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup).
Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Maintaining a patent airway and monitoring respiratory effort
B. Administering intravenous antibiotics
C. Encouraging vigorous physical activity
D. Applying a warm, dry compress to the neck
Correct Answer: A
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is providing care for a 4-year-old child who is being hospitalized for a surgical
procedure. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which of the
following developmental stages is this child currently experiencing?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The preschool-age child, ranging from 3 to 6 years, is in the stage of Initiative
vs. Guilt. During this period, children begin to assert power and control over their
environment through play and social interactions. If they are discouraged or restricted,
they may develop a sense of guilt regarding their desires and actions.
2. A nurse is assessing an infant with suspected intussusception. Which of the following
clinical findings is a classic sign of this condition?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Steatorrhea
C. Ribbon-like stools
,D. Currant jelly-like stools
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes into
another, leading to lymphatic and venous obstruction. This process causes edema and the
leaking of blood and mucus into the intestinal lumen, resulting in stools that resemble
currant jelly. Immediate diagnosis is critical to prevent bowel necrosis and perforation.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine to a
toddler. At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered?
A. At birth
B. 2 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 to 15 months
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: According to the standard immunization schedule, the first dose of the MMR
vaccine is administered between 12 and 15 months of age. Maternal antibodies usually
provide protection until about 1 year of age, making earlier administration less effective. A
second dose is typically given before the child starts school, usually between 4 and 6 years
of age.
, 4. A school-age child with cystic fibrosis is being evaluated. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect to observe in this patient?
A. Steatorrhea and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
B. Increased appetite and weight gain
C. Hyperglycemia and polydipsia
D. Bradycardia and hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Cystic fibrosis affects the exocrine glands, leading to thick secretions that
block pancreatic ducts. This prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the duodenum,
resulting in the malabsorption of fats and proteins, which causes steatorrhea (bulky, foul-
smelling stools). Consequently, these patients often require pancreatic enzyme
replacement and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation.
5. A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup).
Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Maintaining a patent airway and monitoring respiratory effort
B. Administering intravenous antibiotics
C. Encouraging vigorous physical activity
D. Applying a warm, dry compress to the neck
Correct Answer: A
