NBRC EXIT EXAMS | UPDATED 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |100% PASS
Signs ✔️Things you can see or measure
symptoms ✔️Subjective information (The patient must tell you)
Pack years ✔️Packs per day multiplied by the number of years.
Advanced directives are? ✔️documents that provide instructions incase the patient is unable to. These instructions should be notarized and
copies given to the family and physician.
If a patient has a DNI order you can still? ✔️Provide non invasive ventilation ( BiPAP)
A durable power of attorney allows? ✔️A person to make decisions for the patient.
What is normal urine output? ✔️40mL per hour or 1 Liter per day.
Where does sensible water loss occur? ✔️Through the urine or vomiting, Diarrhea.
Where does insensible water loss occur? ✔️Through the skin or exhalation.
What is normal Central venous pressure? ✔️2 to 6 mmHg
What should you recommend for patients with an elevated CVP? ✔️Diuretics
What should you recommend for a patient with a low CVP? ✔️Fluids.
The abbreviation ADL stands for? ✔️Activities of daily living.
What is Orthopnea? ✔️Difficulty breathing while laying flat. Often seen in CHF patients.
What is general malaise? ✔️A generalized run down feeling, nauseas, weak, fatigued, headache. Think electrolyte imbalance.
What does Dysphagia mean? ✔️Difficulty swallowing.
Why does peripheral edema most commonly occur? ✔️edema is most likely caused by CHF or renal failure.
What is Acites? ✔️Acites is fluid in the abdomen. Typically caused by liver failure.
What causes clubbing of the fingers? ✔️Chronic hypoxemia.
How fast should color return to a finger during a capillary refill test? ✔️Blood should return in less than 3 seconds.
What is Diaphoresis? ✔️A state of profuse sweating.
What is Jaundice? ✔️A yellowish appearance of the skin caused by increased bilirubin in the blood and tissue.
What is Erythema? ✔️Redness of the skin due from capillary congestion, inflammation, or infection.
Cyanosis is caused by? ✔️Reduced oxyhemoglobin.
How much oxyhemoglobin loss is required to cause cyanosis? ✔️5 Grams.
Barrel chest is caused by? ✔️Air trapping in the lungs for long periods of time.
Cheyne stokes respirations ✔️gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth with periods of apnea.
Biot's respirations ✔️Increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has the same depth.
Kussmauls respirations ✔️Fast and Deep
The normal muscles of ventilation are? ✔️The Diaphragm and external intercostals.
Retractions and nasal flaring mean? ✔️An obstructed airway.
, What is macroglossia? ✔️an enlarged tongue.
What is the most common cause of tachycardia? ✔️Hypoxemia.
How much change in heart rate signifies an adverse reaction. ✔️A change of 20bpm indicates an adverse reaction.
What is pulsus paradoxus? ✔️A pulse or blood pressure that varies during respiration.
What is tactile fremitus? ✔️Vibrations that can be felt on the chest wall. Such as rhonchi, pleural rubbing, vocal.
What is crepitus? ✔️Bubbles of air under the skin that can be palpated (Subcutaneous emphysema)
A resonant chest percussion is ? ✔️Normal sound
A flat or dull sound during chest percussion indicates? ✔️Fluid or solid.
A tympanic or hyperresonant sound during chest percussion indicates? ✔️Air in the pleural space.
Vesicular breath sounds are? ✔️Normal breath sounds
Adventitious breath sounds are? ✔️Abnormal breath sounds.
If you hear a murmur you should recommend? ✔️An echocardiogram
Hypertension indicates? ✔️Hypoxemia.
Hypotension indicates? ✔️Hypovolemia, CHF
In a normal XRAY the right hemidiaphragm should be? ✔️Slightly higher than the left.
Over exposed xrays will look? ✔️Dark
Underxposed xrays will look? ✔️White.
What is a lateral decubitus xray? ✔️Having a patient lay on their side for the xray. Helps evaluate fluid or pleural effusions.
An ET tube should be positioned how many centimeters above the carina? ✔️2 to 6 centimeters above the carina. Or at the level of the aortic
arch or notch.
A lateral neck xray will help determine? ✔️Croup or Epiglottitis.
A steepling on an xray indicates? ✔️Croup or subglottic swelling.
A thumb print on an xray indicates? ✔️Epiglottitis. The thumb print is caused by supraglottic swelling or swelling of the glottis.
A butterfly pattern or batwing pattern on a xray indicates? ✔️Pulmonary edema.
Ground glass on an xray indicates ? ✔️ARDS
Blunting of the costophrenic angles on an xray indicate? ✔️Pleural effusions or fluid, atelectasis.
Air bronchograms on an xray are often seen in what conditions? ✔️Atelectasis, Pneumonia, ARDS.
CT scans should be used to find? ✔️Tumors or pulmonary emboli.... Not pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be seen with what kind of imaging? ✔️An X ray.
Normal Intracranial pressure value is? ✔️5 to 10 mmHg
How does hyperventilating a patient decrease ICP? ✔️Hyperventilation causes vasoconstriction, temporarily decreases ICP.
Normal Red blood cell count? ✔️5 mill/mm3
Normal Hemoglobin? ✔️12- 16 g/100 mL blood.
Signs ✔️Things you can see or measure
symptoms ✔️Subjective information (The patient must tell you)
Pack years ✔️Packs per day multiplied by the number of years.
Advanced directives are? ✔️documents that provide instructions incase the patient is unable to. These instructions should be notarized and
copies given to the family and physician.
If a patient has a DNI order you can still? ✔️Provide non invasive ventilation ( BiPAP)
A durable power of attorney allows? ✔️A person to make decisions for the patient.
What is normal urine output? ✔️40mL per hour or 1 Liter per day.
Where does sensible water loss occur? ✔️Through the urine or vomiting, Diarrhea.
Where does insensible water loss occur? ✔️Through the skin or exhalation.
What is normal Central venous pressure? ✔️2 to 6 mmHg
What should you recommend for patients with an elevated CVP? ✔️Diuretics
What should you recommend for a patient with a low CVP? ✔️Fluids.
The abbreviation ADL stands for? ✔️Activities of daily living.
What is Orthopnea? ✔️Difficulty breathing while laying flat. Often seen in CHF patients.
What is general malaise? ✔️A generalized run down feeling, nauseas, weak, fatigued, headache. Think electrolyte imbalance.
What does Dysphagia mean? ✔️Difficulty swallowing.
Why does peripheral edema most commonly occur? ✔️edema is most likely caused by CHF or renal failure.
What is Acites? ✔️Acites is fluid in the abdomen. Typically caused by liver failure.
What causes clubbing of the fingers? ✔️Chronic hypoxemia.
How fast should color return to a finger during a capillary refill test? ✔️Blood should return in less than 3 seconds.
What is Diaphoresis? ✔️A state of profuse sweating.
What is Jaundice? ✔️A yellowish appearance of the skin caused by increased bilirubin in the blood and tissue.
What is Erythema? ✔️Redness of the skin due from capillary congestion, inflammation, or infection.
Cyanosis is caused by? ✔️Reduced oxyhemoglobin.
How much oxyhemoglobin loss is required to cause cyanosis? ✔️5 Grams.
Barrel chest is caused by? ✔️Air trapping in the lungs for long periods of time.
Cheyne stokes respirations ✔️gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth with periods of apnea.
Biot's respirations ✔️Increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has the same depth.
Kussmauls respirations ✔️Fast and Deep
The normal muscles of ventilation are? ✔️The Diaphragm and external intercostals.
Retractions and nasal flaring mean? ✔️An obstructed airway.
, What is macroglossia? ✔️an enlarged tongue.
What is the most common cause of tachycardia? ✔️Hypoxemia.
How much change in heart rate signifies an adverse reaction. ✔️A change of 20bpm indicates an adverse reaction.
What is pulsus paradoxus? ✔️A pulse or blood pressure that varies during respiration.
What is tactile fremitus? ✔️Vibrations that can be felt on the chest wall. Such as rhonchi, pleural rubbing, vocal.
What is crepitus? ✔️Bubbles of air under the skin that can be palpated (Subcutaneous emphysema)
A resonant chest percussion is ? ✔️Normal sound
A flat or dull sound during chest percussion indicates? ✔️Fluid or solid.
A tympanic or hyperresonant sound during chest percussion indicates? ✔️Air in the pleural space.
Vesicular breath sounds are? ✔️Normal breath sounds
Adventitious breath sounds are? ✔️Abnormal breath sounds.
If you hear a murmur you should recommend? ✔️An echocardiogram
Hypertension indicates? ✔️Hypoxemia.
Hypotension indicates? ✔️Hypovolemia, CHF
In a normal XRAY the right hemidiaphragm should be? ✔️Slightly higher than the left.
Over exposed xrays will look? ✔️Dark
Underxposed xrays will look? ✔️White.
What is a lateral decubitus xray? ✔️Having a patient lay on their side for the xray. Helps evaluate fluid or pleural effusions.
An ET tube should be positioned how many centimeters above the carina? ✔️2 to 6 centimeters above the carina. Or at the level of the aortic
arch or notch.
A lateral neck xray will help determine? ✔️Croup or Epiglottitis.
A steepling on an xray indicates? ✔️Croup or subglottic swelling.
A thumb print on an xray indicates? ✔️Epiglottitis. The thumb print is caused by supraglottic swelling or swelling of the glottis.
A butterfly pattern or batwing pattern on a xray indicates? ✔️Pulmonary edema.
Ground glass on an xray indicates ? ✔️ARDS
Blunting of the costophrenic angles on an xray indicate? ✔️Pleural effusions or fluid, atelectasis.
Air bronchograms on an xray are often seen in what conditions? ✔️Atelectasis, Pneumonia, ARDS.
CT scans should be used to find? ✔️Tumors or pulmonary emboli.... Not pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be seen with what kind of imaging? ✔️An X ray.
Normal Intracranial pressure value is? ✔️5 to 10 mmHg
How does hyperventilating a patient decrease ICP? ✔️Hyperventilation causes vasoconstriction, temporarily decreases ICP.
Normal Red blood cell count? ✔️5 mill/mm3
Normal Hemoglobin? ✔️12- 16 g/100 mL blood.
