WGU D023 School Financial Leadership
Questions And Verified Answers |Verified
& Already Graded A+
Most Studied | Updated
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1st Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of local district financial
responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of emerging state
responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state
allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The emergence of the Strayer-Haig
concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the
foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of refinement of the
foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
,5th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -"Power" or "open-end" (shared
costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization. ANSWER -state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership
in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the
state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was
questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan. ANSWER -the percentage of this program
to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would
be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been
made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost
of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The shift of emphasis and influence,
and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -A focus on adequacy in education
finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding. ANSWER -The state provides a minimal level of funding as a
guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity
of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era. ANSWER -Local school districts were formed to support the
education of the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order
, to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local
property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling. ANSWER -Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as
a funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document?. ANSWER -State
Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state
defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate
all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may
provide more flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure?. ANSWER -The pupil expenditure is the total
expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes
but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource
expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building
construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies,
technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living
changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a
guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is
supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity. ANSWER -
Financial adequacy. ANSWER -
Financial productivity. ANSWER -
Federal Funding. ANSWER -Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of
categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest
and most visible categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced
to the Top has garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal
lands have provided funds for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
Questions And Verified Answers |Verified
& Already Graded A+
Most Studied | Updated
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1st Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of local district financial
responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of emerging state
responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state
allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The emergence of the Strayer-Haig
concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the
foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The period of refinement of the
foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
,5th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -"Power" or "open-end" (shared
costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization. ANSWER -state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership
in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the
state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was
questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan. ANSWER -the percentage of this program
to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would
be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been
made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost
of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -The shift of emphasis and influence,
and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance. ANSWER -A focus on adequacy in education
finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding. ANSWER -The state provides a minimal level of funding as a
guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity
of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era. ANSWER -Local school districts were formed to support the
education of the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order
, to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local
property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling. ANSWER -Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as
a funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document?. ANSWER -State
Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state
defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate
all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may
provide more flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure?. ANSWER -The pupil expenditure is the total
expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes
but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource
expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building
construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies,
technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living
changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a
guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is
supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity. ANSWER -
Financial adequacy. ANSWER -
Financial productivity. ANSWER -
Federal Funding. ANSWER -Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of
categorical aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest
and most visible categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced
to the Top has garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal
lands have provided funds for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
