NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells resulting from
an increased rate of cellular division. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells.
2. Which type of cell death is characterized by ‘programmed cell death’ and does not typically
trigger an inflammatory response?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Autophagy
D. Infarction
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct type of programmed cell death that
occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions, without causing inflammation.
3. A patient presents with a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of three
copies of chromosome 21. This condition is known as:
A. Turner Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Edward Syndrome
D. Down Syndrome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Down Syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, meaning there are
three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.
4. In Type I Hypersensitivity reactions, which antibody is primarily responsible for the allergic
response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies which bind
to mast cells, leading to degranulation and release of histamine.
5. Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production
of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)?
A. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem
inflammatory disease involving the production of antibodies against self-antigens,
including DNA and other nuclear components.
6. The primary target cell for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is:
A. CD8+ T cells
B. B lymphocytes
C. CD4+ T cells
D. Natural Killer cells
Answer: C
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells resulting from
an increased rate of cellular division. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells.
2. Which type of cell death is characterized by ‘programmed cell death’ and does not typically
trigger an inflammatory response?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Autophagy
D. Infarction
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct type of programmed cell death that
occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions, without causing inflammation.
3. A patient presents with a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of three
copies of chromosome 21. This condition is known as:
A. Turner Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Edward Syndrome
D. Down Syndrome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Down Syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, meaning there are
three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.
4. In Type I Hypersensitivity reactions, which antibody is primarily responsible for the allergic
response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies which bind
to mast cells, leading to degranulation and release of histamine.
5. Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production
of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)?
A. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem
inflammatory disease involving the production of antibodies against self-antigens,
including DNA and other nuclear components.
6. The primary target cell for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is:
A. CD8+ T cells
B. B lymphocytes
C. CD4+ T cells
D. Natural Killer cells
Answer: C
