A4M Questions with Correct Answers
where is estrogen produced?
ovaries
Where is DHEA produced?
adrenal gland
estrogen can also be made from?
DHEA
estrogen should always be prescribed which route?
transdermally
NOT PO- inflammatory
how should transdermal estrogen be applied?
apply to thigh and rub in for 2 minutes. can transfer for up to 12 hours.
hormonal holiday
after patient has been on hormones for 6 months, must take holiday every month.
1. take hormones monday to saturday. none on sunday.
2. take hormones days 1-25 and 4 days off.
3. if patient wishes to cycle then take all hormones including T every day except for
progesterone days 14-25 (mock cycling)
estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy is contraindicated in which patients?
history of hormonally related cancer- breast, ovarian, uterine
how to lower excess levels of estrogen?
,improve phase I and phase II detox in the liver, exercise, lower dose of estrogen replacement,
weight loss
estrone
E1
estradiol
E2
estriol
E3
estrogen replacement relieves what symptoms of menopause?
cognitive decline
bone loss
cardiovascular disease
cataracts
macular degeneration
any disease associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
s/s of estrogen deficiency in males?
osteopenia/osteoporosis
cognitive decline
dyslipidemia
functions of estrogen in males?
helps maintain memory
regulates gonadotropin feedback
,bone maturation/regulation of bone resorption
lipid metabolism
medicines that decrease estrogen levels in men?
phenobarbital
chlordiazepoxide
carbamepazine
trazodone
sulcrafate
overdose of medication that lower estrogen?
chrysin (usually used transdermally)
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
when is estriol replacement being used in males?
autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis
contraindications in estrogen therapy in males
prostate or breast cancer
s/s of elevated estrogen in males?
gynecomastia, increased risk of heart disease/prostate cancer, ED, CVA double risk, BPH
cause of elevated estrogen in male?
increased aromatase activity
alteration in liver function
zinc deficiency - Low zinc may increase the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen
high dose vitamin E
, grapefruit
high doses of testosterone
medications: pain meds, abx, anti fungals, statins, antidepressant, antipsychotic, BP meds,
antacids
what BP med causes elevated estrogen and decreased testosterone?
amiodarone
how to lower high estrogen levels in males?
decrease T dose
zinc
chrysin
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
maca
grape see extract
wild nettle root
decrease alcohol
lose weight
resveratrol
high dose vit C
niacin
what is progesterone made from?
pregnenolone
cause of progesterone deficiency?
where is estrogen produced?
ovaries
Where is DHEA produced?
adrenal gland
estrogen can also be made from?
DHEA
estrogen should always be prescribed which route?
transdermally
NOT PO- inflammatory
how should transdermal estrogen be applied?
apply to thigh and rub in for 2 minutes. can transfer for up to 12 hours.
hormonal holiday
after patient has been on hormones for 6 months, must take holiday every month.
1. take hormones monday to saturday. none on sunday.
2. take hormones days 1-25 and 4 days off.
3. if patient wishes to cycle then take all hormones including T every day except for
progesterone days 14-25 (mock cycling)
estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy is contraindicated in which patients?
history of hormonally related cancer- breast, ovarian, uterine
how to lower excess levels of estrogen?
,improve phase I and phase II detox in the liver, exercise, lower dose of estrogen replacement,
weight loss
estrone
E1
estradiol
E2
estriol
E3
estrogen replacement relieves what symptoms of menopause?
cognitive decline
bone loss
cardiovascular disease
cataracts
macular degeneration
any disease associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
s/s of estrogen deficiency in males?
osteopenia/osteoporosis
cognitive decline
dyslipidemia
functions of estrogen in males?
helps maintain memory
regulates gonadotropin feedback
,bone maturation/regulation of bone resorption
lipid metabolism
medicines that decrease estrogen levels in men?
phenobarbital
chlordiazepoxide
carbamepazine
trazodone
sulcrafate
overdose of medication that lower estrogen?
chrysin (usually used transdermally)
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
when is estriol replacement being used in males?
autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis
contraindications in estrogen therapy in males
prostate or breast cancer
s/s of elevated estrogen in males?
gynecomastia, increased risk of heart disease/prostate cancer, ED, CVA double risk, BPH
cause of elevated estrogen in male?
increased aromatase activity
alteration in liver function
zinc deficiency - Low zinc may increase the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen
high dose vitamin E
, grapefruit
high doses of testosterone
medications: pain meds, abx, anti fungals, statins, antidepressant, antipsychotic, BP meds,
antacids
what BP med causes elevated estrogen and decreased testosterone?
amiodarone
how to lower high estrogen levels in males?
decrease T dose
zinc
chrysin
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
maca
grape see extract
wild nettle root
decrease alcohol
lose weight
resveratrol
high dose vit C
niacin
what is progesterone made from?
pregnenolone
cause of progesterone deficiency?
