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MDC 1 Final Exam 2026-2027 Questions And Correct
Answers Verified 100% Correct| Rated A+
Fowler's - ANSWERS-i. Semi sitting position in which the head of the bed is
elevated 45 to 60 degrees.
ii. This position promotes respiratory function by lowering the
diaphragm and allowing the greatest chest expansion.
iii. Semi-Fowler's: head is raised 30-45 degrees iv. HighFowler's: the
head is raised 60-90 degrees (recommended for patient who have trouble
breathing)
Lateral - ANSWERS-i. Side-lying position with the top hip and knee flexed
and placed in front of the rest of the body. ii. Creates pressure on the lower
scapula, ilium, and trochanter but relieves pressure from heels and
sacrum
Sims - ANSWERS-i. Semi-prone position ii. The lower arm is positioned behind
the patient, and the upper arm is flexed. iii. This position facilitates drainage from
the mouth and limits pressure on the trochanter and sacrum
Supine - ANSWERS-i. Also known as the dorsal recumbent position ii. The
patient lies on their back with head and shoulders elevated on a small pillow. iii.
Used for those with
Hypotension
a. Prone - ANSWERS-i. The patient lies on their abdomen with their head
turned to one side.
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This is the only position that allows full extension of the hips and knees. It
also allows
secretions to drain from the mouth
a. Tri-pod (orthopneic) - ANSWERS-Used for patients with
COP
Trendelenburg - ANSWERS-i. Head down, feet up ii. Helps with
venous return iii. Used for those with Hypotension
How to move patient up in bed: - ANSWERS-i. use another person's help ii. use
draw sheet(can cause shearing), it is even better to use plastic device iii. patient
should have hands across their chest, so they don't have shearing on the arms, with
the patient supine, and head lifted towards chest(reduces risk of hyperextension).
1. Range of Motion Terms
Extension - ANSWERS-movement that increases the angle between two adjacent
bones
Circumduction - ANSWERS-a conical movement of a body part. (rolling your
neck, head in a circle)
Adduction - ANSWERS-movement of an extremity toward the midline of the
body
Abduction - ANSWERS-movement of an extremity away from the midline of the
body
Internal rotation - ANSWERS-rotating a joint inward
External rotation - ANSWERS-rotating a joint outward
Flexion - ANSWERS-movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent
bones
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Active ROM - ANSWERS-i. Patient does not need assistance with ROM
Passive ROM - ANSWERS-Anytime someone is assisting someone with ROM
Interventions to Prevent Risk for Contractures - ANSWERS-a.
Passive ROM i. Flexion and extension
1. DVT
Signs and Symptoms - ANSWERS-i. Unilateral pain ii.
Swelling iii. Warmth iv. Redness
v. Assessment: Measure the calf!!!
1. DVT
a. Prevention - ANSWERS-i. Calf pump exercises ii. If appropriate: get patient
walking once an hour iii. SCD:
sequential compression devices iv.
Changing their position
1. DVT
a. Risk Factors - ANSWERS-i. Immobility (venous stasis) ii. Obesity iii.
Cancer or chemo iv. Diabetes v. History of smoking or current smoker
vi. Oral contraceptives vii. Older adults (especially with hip fractures)
viii. Heart disease ix. Surgical procedure longer than 30 minutes
1. Adaptive Devices - ANSWERS-We use them to promote
client independence as much as possible
Interventions to Promote Respiratory Function - ANSWERS-a.
Positioning (High-
Fowler's for meals to reduce risk of aspiration) b. Incentive
spirometer (take deep breaths) c. Deep breathing
techniques
d. Coughing
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Chain of Infection - ANSWERS-i. Infectious Agent ii.
Reservoir (ex. soil, water, animals) iii. Mode of Transmission
iv. Portal of Entry v. Portal of Exit
vi.
Susceptible host
1. Chain of Infection
a. Interventions to interrupt - ANSWERS-i. WASH HANDS ii.
PPE- breaks the chain before portal of entry
1. Nosocomial Infection - ANSWERS-a. Hospital-acquired infections
b. Ex. iatrogenic, C. Diff, MRSA, pneumonia, UTI
a. Humoral Immunity - ANSWERS-i. "antibody-mediated" ii. Protects the body
by circulating antibodies to fight against pathogens. iii. The body produces
leukocytes that seek out and destroy pathogens
Cellular Immunity - ANSWERS-i. "Cell-mediated" ii. Response acts directly to
destroy pathogens without using antibodies but rather by activating phagocytes
and T&B cells Innate - ANSWERS-i. Born with it
a. Acquired - ANSWERS-Acquired through interaction between microbes, virus,
fungus, etc
Transmission based precautions
Types and PPE used
i. Droplet: - ANSWERS-1. Infection travels in water droplets expelled as in
infected person exhales, coughs, sneezes or talks
2. Used for: influenza, pertussis
3. PPE worn: gloves, gown, surgical mask
1. Transmission based precautions
MDC 1 Final Exam 2026-2027 Questions And Correct
Answers Verified 100% Correct| Rated A+
Fowler's - ANSWERS-i. Semi sitting position in which the head of the bed is
elevated 45 to 60 degrees.
ii. This position promotes respiratory function by lowering the
diaphragm and allowing the greatest chest expansion.
iii. Semi-Fowler's: head is raised 30-45 degrees iv. HighFowler's: the
head is raised 60-90 degrees (recommended for patient who have trouble
breathing)
Lateral - ANSWERS-i. Side-lying position with the top hip and knee flexed
and placed in front of the rest of the body. ii. Creates pressure on the lower
scapula, ilium, and trochanter but relieves pressure from heels and
sacrum
Sims - ANSWERS-i. Semi-prone position ii. The lower arm is positioned behind
the patient, and the upper arm is flexed. iii. This position facilitates drainage from
the mouth and limits pressure on the trochanter and sacrum
Supine - ANSWERS-i. Also known as the dorsal recumbent position ii. The
patient lies on their back with head and shoulders elevated on a small pillow. iii.
Used for those with
Hypotension
a. Prone - ANSWERS-i. The patient lies on their abdomen with their head
turned to one side.
,2 | Page
This is the only position that allows full extension of the hips and knees. It
also allows
secretions to drain from the mouth
a. Tri-pod (orthopneic) - ANSWERS-Used for patients with
COP
Trendelenburg - ANSWERS-i. Head down, feet up ii. Helps with
venous return iii. Used for those with Hypotension
How to move patient up in bed: - ANSWERS-i. use another person's help ii. use
draw sheet(can cause shearing), it is even better to use plastic device iii. patient
should have hands across their chest, so they don't have shearing on the arms, with
the patient supine, and head lifted towards chest(reduces risk of hyperextension).
1. Range of Motion Terms
Extension - ANSWERS-movement that increases the angle between two adjacent
bones
Circumduction - ANSWERS-a conical movement of a body part. (rolling your
neck, head in a circle)
Adduction - ANSWERS-movement of an extremity toward the midline of the
body
Abduction - ANSWERS-movement of an extremity away from the midline of the
body
Internal rotation - ANSWERS-rotating a joint inward
External rotation - ANSWERS-rotating a joint outward
Flexion - ANSWERS-movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent
bones
,3 | Page
Active ROM - ANSWERS-i. Patient does not need assistance with ROM
Passive ROM - ANSWERS-Anytime someone is assisting someone with ROM
Interventions to Prevent Risk for Contractures - ANSWERS-a.
Passive ROM i. Flexion and extension
1. DVT
Signs and Symptoms - ANSWERS-i. Unilateral pain ii.
Swelling iii. Warmth iv. Redness
v. Assessment: Measure the calf!!!
1. DVT
a. Prevention - ANSWERS-i. Calf pump exercises ii. If appropriate: get patient
walking once an hour iii. SCD:
sequential compression devices iv.
Changing their position
1. DVT
a. Risk Factors - ANSWERS-i. Immobility (venous stasis) ii. Obesity iii.
Cancer or chemo iv. Diabetes v. History of smoking or current smoker
vi. Oral contraceptives vii. Older adults (especially with hip fractures)
viii. Heart disease ix. Surgical procedure longer than 30 minutes
1. Adaptive Devices - ANSWERS-We use them to promote
client independence as much as possible
Interventions to Promote Respiratory Function - ANSWERS-a.
Positioning (High-
Fowler's for meals to reduce risk of aspiration) b. Incentive
spirometer (take deep breaths) c. Deep breathing
techniques
d. Coughing
, 4 | Page
Chain of Infection - ANSWERS-i. Infectious Agent ii.
Reservoir (ex. soil, water, animals) iii. Mode of Transmission
iv. Portal of Entry v. Portal of Exit
vi.
Susceptible host
1. Chain of Infection
a. Interventions to interrupt - ANSWERS-i. WASH HANDS ii.
PPE- breaks the chain before portal of entry
1. Nosocomial Infection - ANSWERS-a. Hospital-acquired infections
b. Ex. iatrogenic, C. Diff, MRSA, pneumonia, UTI
a. Humoral Immunity - ANSWERS-i. "antibody-mediated" ii. Protects the body
by circulating antibodies to fight against pathogens. iii. The body produces
leukocytes that seek out and destroy pathogens
Cellular Immunity - ANSWERS-i. "Cell-mediated" ii. Response acts directly to
destroy pathogens without using antibodies but rather by activating phagocytes
and T&B cells Innate - ANSWERS-i. Born with it
a. Acquired - ANSWERS-Acquired through interaction between microbes, virus,
fungus, etc
Transmission based precautions
Types and PPE used
i. Droplet: - ANSWERS-1. Infection travels in water droplets expelled as in
infected person exhales, coughs, sneezes or talks
2. Used for: influenza, pertussis
3. PPE worn: gloves, gown, surgical mask
1. Transmission based precautions
