FSC100 MIDTERM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS.
atavists - Answer insisted that criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological
deviance
positivists - Answer claimed that. crime is the product of social causes
recidivism - Answer the act of repeating an offence
Cesare Lombroso - Answer -(1835-1909)
-atavist and practicing psychiatrist
-father of modern criminology
-argued that criminals were born deviant based on the size and shape of their bodies
-visited hospitals, asylums, prisons, took measurements, collected writings and drawings, took
photographs, etc.
Alexandre Lacassagne - Answer -(1843-1924) was a positivist
-father of forensic medicine
-pointed to charts and maps and linked crime rates with geography, the behaviour of criminals
depended on their social environment
Joseph Vacher - Answer -the French Ripper
-executed in 1898 for the murders of more than 23 people
taken into custody of a failed abduction. When incarcerated, confessed to several murders
-Lacassagne attended the trial, researched Vacher's life, interviewed him, wrote extensively on
details of the case, and provided testimony
Alphonse Bertillon - Answer -(1853-1914)
-created the first system of physical measurements combined with photography and record
keeping that police could use to define recidivist criminals
-concept of mugshots
-emphasized on creating an immediate identification system rather than understanding the
inherent morphology of criminals
-this system is referred to as signaletics (or the Bertillonage method)
, -changes in measurements created issues with identifying criminals correctly
-the Bertillon system was used for over 30 Years, fingerprinting replaced this system
Edmond Locard - Answer -(1877-1966)
-criminalistics: the science of solving crime, was considered forensic science by the 1970's
Hans Gross - Answer -(1847-1915)
-Austrian professor of criminal law
-coined the term "criminalistics"
Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer -microscopic traces are the silent witnesses in crime
-when any two objects come into contact there is always a transference of material from each
object onto another
Evidence - Answer anything that can give or substantiate information in a legal investigation
Indirect Witness - Answer -did not witness the crime
-may not be aware that a crime occurred
eg. a neighbour that heard a loud crash
Direct Witness - Answer -witnessed the crime or are a victim of the crime
Associative Evidence - Answer any evidence that places an individual at a scene and/or with a
victim
Class Evidence - Answer evidence that requires classification into a more narrow range
Electronic Evidence - Answer information and data transmitted and/or stored in any
electronic device
Latent Evidence - Answer any evidence that is not visible without the use of chemical,
photographic, or electronic development / enhancement
Trace Evidence - Answer evidence that has to be extracted from another substance and is in
very small amounts, often invisible to the naked eye
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS.
atavists - Answer insisted that criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological
deviance
positivists - Answer claimed that. crime is the product of social causes
recidivism - Answer the act of repeating an offence
Cesare Lombroso - Answer -(1835-1909)
-atavist and practicing psychiatrist
-father of modern criminology
-argued that criminals were born deviant based on the size and shape of their bodies
-visited hospitals, asylums, prisons, took measurements, collected writings and drawings, took
photographs, etc.
Alexandre Lacassagne - Answer -(1843-1924) was a positivist
-father of forensic medicine
-pointed to charts and maps and linked crime rates with geography, the behaviour of criminals
depended on their social environment
Joseph Vacher - Answer -the French Ripper
-executed in 1898 for the murders of more than 23 people
taken into custody of a failed abduction. When incarcerated, confessed to several murders
-Lacassagne attended the trial, researched Vacher's life, interviewed him, wrote extensively on
details of the case, and provided testimony
Alphonse Bertillon - Answer -(1853-1914)
-created the first system of physical measurements combined with photography and record
keeping that police could use to define recidivist criminals
-concept of mugshots
-emphasized on creating an immediate identification system rather than understanding the
inherent morphology of criminals
-this system is referred to as signaletics (or the Bertillonage method)
, -changes in measurements created issues with identifying criminals correctly
-the Bertillon system was used for over 30 Years, fingerprinting replaced this system
Edmond Locard - Answer -(1877-1966)
-criminalistics: the science of solving crime, was considered forensic science by the 1970's
Hans Gross - Answer -(1847-1915)
-Austrian professor of criminal law
-coined the term "criminalistics"
Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer -microscopic traces are the silent witnesses in crime
-when any two objects come into contact there is always a transference of material from each
object onto another
Evidence - Answer anything that can give or substantiate information in a legal investigation
Indirect Witness - Answer -did not witness the crime
-may not be aware that a crime occurred
eg. a neighbour that heard a loud crash
Direct Witness - Answer -witnessed the crime or are a victim of the crime
Associative Evidence - Answer any evidence that places an individual at a scene and/or with a
victim
Class Evidence - Answer evidence that requires classification into a more narrow range
Electronic Evidence - Answer information and data transmitted and/or stored in any
electronic device
Latent Evidence - Answer any evidence that is not visible without the use of chemical,
photographic, or electronic development / enhancement
Trace Evidence - Answer evidence that has to be extracted from another substance and is in
very small amounts, often invisible to the naked eye
