NURS 6202 MIDTERM EXAM / APPROVED NURS 6202 ACTUAL
MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES (A
NEW UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION) |GUARANTEED
SUCCESS A+ |FULL REVISED EXAM |BRAND NEW!
1. A patient presents with cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of
microvilli. Which type of cellular injury is most likely occurring?
A. Irreversible injury
B. Reversible injury
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Reversible injury
Rationale: Cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of microvilli are
hallmark features of reversible cell injury. In reversible injury, the cell
can recover if the offending stimulus is removed. Irreversible injury is
characterized by membrane rupture, nuclear changes (pyknosis,
karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and mitochondrial dysfunction.
2. Failure of the sodium-potassium (Na⁺/K⁺) pump primarily leads
to which of the following?
,A. Increased intracellular potassium
B. Cellular dehydration
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased ATP production
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump maintains intracellular sodium
concentration low and potassium concentration high. When the pump
fails due to hypoxia or ATP depletion, sodium accumulates inside the
cell, drawing water into the cell and causing cellular swelling—the
earliest manifestation of cell injury.
3. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Coagulative necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is the characteristic type of necrosis seen
in ischemic injury to solid organs such as the heart, kidney, and spleen.
,The cellular architecture is preserved for several days due to denaturation
of structural proteins.
4. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes
mellitus presents to the emergency department with chest pain,
dyspnea, and diaphoresis. He is diagnosed with an acute myocardial
infarction (AMI). Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of AMI?
A. The coronary arteries are narrowed by atherosclerosis and
become occluded by a thrombus, resulting in ischemia and necrosis
of the myocardium.
B. The coronary arteries are dilated by vasospasm and become
obstructed by a plaque, resulting in hypoxia and apoptosis of the
myocardium.
C. The coronary arteries are inflamed by infection and become
ruptured by an aneurysm, resulting in hemorrhage and infarction of
the myocardium.
D. The coronary arteries are calcified by aging and become eroded
by ulceration, resulting in perforation and abscess of the
myocardium.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary artery
disease, which leads to AMI. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipids,
fibrous tissue, calcium, and inflammatory cells in the arterial wall,
forming plaques that reduce the lumen diameter and blood flow. A
, thrombus forms on a plaque due to platelet aggregation and activation of
the coagulation cascade, which can completely or partially block the
coronary artery, depriving the myocardium of oxygen and nutrients.
Ischemia causes reversible cellular injury, while necrosis is the irreversible
death of cells due to severe or prolonged ischemia.
5. A 25-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) presents to the rheumatology clinic with joint
pain, skin rash, and fatigue. She is diagnosed with a flare-up of SLE
and is given corticosteroid therapy. Which statement best describes
the pathophysiology of SLE?
A. SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system
produces antibodies against self-antigens, resulting in inflammation
and damage of various organs.
B. SLE is an infectious disorder in which the immune system is
invaded by microorganisms, resulting in infection and sepsis of
various organs.
C. SLE is a genetic disorder in which the immune system inherits
defective genes, resulting in mutation and malignancy of various
organs.
D. SLE is a metabolic disorder in which the immune system
accumulates toxic substances, resulting in intoxication and failure of
various organs.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES (A
NEW UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION) |GUARANTEED
SUCCESS A+ |FULL REVISED EXAM |BRAND NEW!
1. A patient presents with cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of
microvilli. Which type of cellular injury is most likely occurring?
A. Irreversible injury
B. Reversible injury
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Reversible injury
Rationale: Cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of microvilli are
hallmark features of reversible cell injury. In reversible injury, the cell
can recover if the offending stimulus is removed. Irreversible injury is
characterized by membrane rupture, nuclear changes (pyknosis,
karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and mitochondrial dysfunction.
2. Failure of the sodium-potassium (Na⁺/K⁺) pump primarily leads
to which of the following?
,A. Increased intracellular potassium
B. Cellular dehydration
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased ATP production
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump maintains intracellular sodium
concentration low and potassium concentration high. When the pump
fails due to hypoxia or ATP depletion, sodium accumulates inside the
cell, drawing water into the cell and causing cellular swelling—the
earliest manifestation of cell injury.
3. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Coagulative necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is the characteristic type of necrosis seen
in ischemic injury to solid organs such as the heart, kidney, and spleen.
,The cellular architecture is preserved for several days due to denaturation
of structural proteins.
4. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes
mellitus presents to the emergency department with chest pain,
dyspnea, and diaphoresis. He is diagnosed with an acute myocardial
infarction (AMI). Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of AMI?
A. The coronary arteries are narrowed by atherosclerosis and
become occluded by a thrombus, resulting in ischemia and necrosis
of the myocardium.
B. The coronary arteries are dilated by vasospasm and become
obstructed by a plaque, resulting in hypoxia and apoptosis of the
myocardium.
C. The coronary arteries are inflamed by infection and become
ruptured by an aneurysm, resulting in hemorrhage and infarction of
the myocardium.
D. The coronary arteries are calcified by aging and become eroded
by ulceration, resulting in perforation and abscess of the
myocardium.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary artery
disease, which leads to AMI. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipids,
fibrous tissue, calcium, and inflammatory cells in the arterial wall,
forming plaques that reduce the lumen diameter and blood flow. A
, thrombus forms on a plaque due to platelet aggregation and activation of
the coagulation cascade, which can completely or partially block the
coronary artery, depriving the myocardium of oxygen and nutrients.
Ischemia causes reversible cellular injury, while necrosis is the irreversible
death of cells due to severe or prolonged ischemia.
5. A 25-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) presents to the rheumatology clinic with joint
pain, skin rash, and fatigue. She is diagnosed with a flare-up of SLE
and is given corticosteroid therapy. Which statement best describes
the pathophysiology of SLE?
A. SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system
produces antibodies against self-antigens, resulting in inflammation
and damage of various organs.
B. SLE is an infectious disorder in which the immune system is
invaded by microorganisms, resulting in infection and sepsis of
various organs.
C. SLE is a genetic disorder in which the immune system inherits
defective genes, resulting in mutation and malignancy of various
organs.
D. SLE is a metabolic disorder in which the immune system
accumulates toxic substances, resulting in intoxication and failure of
various organs.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
