CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NR 571 — Final Exam
NR 571 Complex Diagnosis and Management in Acute Care Practicum
Academic Year:
Comprehensive Study Guide
Question 1
What is the characteristic odor of acetone in DKA?
A. Sweet breath
B. Fruity breath
C. Ammonia breath
D. Metallic breath
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Fruity breath
RATIONALE:
Fruity breath is a characteristic odor of acetone in DKA, caused by ketone production.
, Question 2
What type of respirations are compensatory for acidosis in DKA?
A. Cheyne-Stokes
B. Kussmaul
C. Biot's
D. Apneustic
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Kussmaul
RATIONALE:
Kussmaul respirations are deep, labored breathing that is compensatory for metabolic
acidosis.
Question 3
What is the average fluid loss in DKA?
A. 2-3 liters
B. 4-6 liters
C. 6-12 liters
D. 10-15 liters
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 4-6 liters
RATIONALE:
Average fluid loss in DKA is 4-6 liters due to osmotic diuresis.
, Question 4
What is the initial insulin infusion rate in DKA?
A. 0.05 u/kg/h
B. 0.1 u/kg/h
C. 0.2 u/kg/h
D. 0.5 u/kg/h
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 0.1 u/kg/h
RATIONALE:
The initial insulin infusion rate in DKA is 0.1 u/kg/h, adjusted based on glucose levels.
Question 5
What potassium level is required before starting insulin in DKA?
A. > 2.5 mEq/L
B. > 3.3 mEq/L
C. > 4.0 mEq/L
D. > 5.0 mEq/L
CORRECT ANSWER: B. > 3.3 mEq/L
RATIONALE:
Potassium must be > 3.3 mEq/L before starting insulin to prevent hypokalemia.
, Question 6
What is the target blood glucose range for stable DKA patients?
A. 100-150 mg/dL
B. 150-250 mg/dL
C. 250-350 mg/dL
D. 350-450 mg/dL
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 150-250 mg/dL
RATIONALE:
Target glucose range for stable DKA patients is 150-250 mg/dL.
Question 7
When should SC insulin injections be given in DKA treatment?
A. Immediately on admission
B. When patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours
C. After 24 hours of IV insulin
D. Only after discharge
CORRECT ANSWER: B. When patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours
RATIONALE:
SC insulin is given when the patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours of stopping IV insulin.
NR 571 — Final Exam
NR 571 Complex Diagnosis and Management in Acute Care Practicum
Academic Year:
Comprehensive Study Guide
Question 1
What is the characteristic odor of acetone in DKA?
A. Sweet breath
B. Fruity breath
C. Ammonia breath
D. Metallic breath
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Fruity breath
RATIONALE:
Fruity breath is a characteristic odor of acetone in DKA, caused by ketone production.
, Question 2
What type of respirations are compensatory for acidosis in DKA?
A. Cheyne-Stokes
B. Kussmaul
C. Biot's
D. Apneustic
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Kussmaul
RATIONALE:
Kussmaul respirations are deep, labored breathing that is compensatory for metabolic
acidosis.
Question 3
What is the average fluid loss in DKA?
A. 2-3 liters
B. 4-6 liters
C. 6-12 liters
D. 10-15 liters
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 4-6 liters
RATIONALE:
Average fluid loss in DKA is 4-6 liters due to osmotic diuresis.
, Question 4
What is the initial insulin infusion rate in DKA?
A. 0.05 u/kg/h
B. 0.1 u/kg/h
C. 0.2 u/kg/h
D. 0.5 u/kg/h
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 0.1 u/kg/h
RATIONALE:
The initial insulin infusion rate in DKA is 0.1 u/kg/h, adjusted based on glucose levels.
Question 5
What potassium level is required before starting insulin in DKA?
A. > 2.5 mEq/L
B. > 3.3 mEq/L
C. > 4.0 mEq/L
D. > 5.0 mEq/L
CORRECT ANSWER: B. > 3.3 mEq/L
RATIONALE:
Potassium must be > 3.3 mEq/L before starting insulin to prevent hypokalemia.
, Question 6
What is the target blood glucose range for stable DKA patients?
A. 100-150 mg/dL
B. 150-250 mg/dL
C. 250-350 mg/dL
D. 350-450 mg/dL
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 150-250 mg/dL
RATIONALE:
Target glucose range for stable DKA patients is 150-250 mg/dL.
Question 7
When should SC insulin injections be given in DKA treatment?
A. Immediately on admission
B. When patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours
C. After 24 hours of IV insulin
D. Only after discharge
CORRECT ANSWER: B. When patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours
RATIONALE:
SC insulin is given when the patient can eat, not before 2-4 hours of stopping IV insulin.
