NUR641E FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE:
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR
CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY,
ENDOCRINE & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
SECTION A: GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACOKINETICS
(Questions 1-25)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into the bloodstream
is known as:
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Answer: C
2. A drug with a high first-pass effect will have which of the following characteristics?
A. High oral bioavailability
B. Extensive hepatic metabolism before reaching systemic circulation
,C. Rapid renal excretion
D. Increased protein binding
Answer: B
3. The volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug is best described as:
A. The total amount of drug in the body divided by the plasma concentration
B. The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body
C. The fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
D. The time required for the drug concentration to decrease by 50%
Answer: A
4. Which of the following statements regarding the cytochrome P450 enzyme system is
correct?
A. CYP3A4 is responsible for metabolizing less than 10% of all medications
B. CYP2D6 is an inducible enzyme system
C. CYP3A4 is involved in the metabolism of approximately 50% of all medications
D. Grapefruit juice induces CYP3A4 activity
Answer: C
5. A patient with renal impairment is prescribed a medication that is primarily eliminated by
the kidneys. Which pharmacokinetic parameter would be most affected?
,A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Answer: D
6. The half-life of a drug is 12 hours. Approximately how long will it take for the drug to reach
steady-state concentration?
A. 24 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 60 hours
D. 72 hours
Answer: C
7. Which of the following drug classes undergoes significant first-pass metabolism?
A. Nitroglycerin
B. Heparin
C. Propranolol
D. Vancomycin
Answer: C
, 8. A prodrug is defined as:
A. An active drug that is metabolized to an inactive metabolite
B. An inactive compound that is converted to an active drug in the body
C. A drug that is excreted unchanged in the urine
D. A drug that binds irreversibly to its receptor
Answer: B
9. Which of the following factors would decrease the volume of distribution of a drug?
A. Increased tissue binding
B. Decreased plasma protein binding
C. Increased plasma protein binding
D. Increased lipid solubility
Answer: C
10. The therapeutic index of a drug is calculated as:
A. TD50/ED50
B. ED50/TD50
C. LD50/ED50
D. ED50/LD50
Answer: A
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR
CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY,
ENDOCRINE & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
SECTION A: GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACOKINETICS
(Questions 1-25)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into the bloodstream
is known as:
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Answer: C
2. A drug with a high first-pass effect will have which of the following characteristics?
A. High oral bioavailability
B. Extensive hepatic metabolism before reaching systemic circulation
,C. Rapid renal excretion
D. Increased protein binding
Answer: B
3. The volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug is best described as:
A. The total amount of drug in the body divided by the plasma concentration
B. The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body
C. The fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
D. The time required for the drug concentration to decrease by 50%
Answer: A
4. Which of the following statements regarding the cytochrome P450 enzyme system is
correct?
A. CYP3A4 is responsible for metabolizing less than 10% of all medications
B. CYP2D6 is an inducible enzyme system
C. CYP3A4 is involved in the metabolism of approximately 50% of all medications
D. Grapefruit juice induces CYP3A4 activity
Answer: C
5. A patient with renal impairment is prescribed a medication that is primarily eliminated by
the kidneys. Which pharmacokinetic parameter would be most affected?
,A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Answer: D
6. The half-life of a drug is 12 hours. Approximately how long will it take for the drug to reach
steady-state concentration?
A. 24 hours
B. 36 hours
C. 60 hours
D. 72 hours
Answer: C
7. Which of the following drug classes undergoes significant first-pass metabolism?
A. Nitroglycerin
B. Heparin
C. Propranolol
D. Vancomycin
Answer: C
, 8. A prodrug is defined as:
A. An active drug that is metabolized to an inactive metabolite
B. An inactive compound that is converted to an active drug in the body
C. A drug that is excreted unchanged in the urine
D. A drug that binds irreversibly to its receptor
Answer: B
9. Which of the following factors would decrease the volume of distribution of a drug?
A. Increased tissue binding
B. Decreased plasma protein binding
C. Increased plasma protein binding
D. Increased lipid solubility
Answer: C
10. The therapeutic index of a drug is calculated as:
A. TD50/ED50
B. ED50/TD50
C. LD50/ED50
D. ED50/LD50
Answer: A
